A Proposal for Network Coding with the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard

We examine the Medium Access Control sublayer of the IEEE 802.15.6 Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) standard, and propose minor modifications to the standard so that linear random network coding can be included to help improve energy efficiency and throughput of WBANs compatible with the standard. Both generation-based and sliding window approaches are possible, and a group-block acknowledgment scheme can be implemented by modifying block acknowledgment control type frames. Discussions on potential energy and throughput advantages of network coding are provided.Semiconductor Research Corporation. Interconnect Focus Center (Subcontract RA306-S1

高信頼ミリ波帯 WBAN の研究

Tohoku University末松憲治課

Performance Analysis of Priority-Based IEEE 802.15.6 Protocol in Saturated Traffic Conditions

Recent advancement in internet of medical things has enabled deployment of miniaturized, intelligent, and low-power medical devices in, on, or around a human body for unobtrusive and remote health monitoring. The IEEE 802.15.6 standard facilitates such monitoring by enabling low-power and reliable wireless communication between the medical devices. The IEEE 802.15.6 standard employs a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance protocol for resource allocation. It utilizes a priority-based backoff procedure by adjusting the contention window bounds of devices according to user requirements. As the performance of this protocol is considerably affected when the number of devices increases, we propose an accurate analytical model to estimate the saturation throughput, mean energy consumption, and mean delay over the number of devices. We assume an error-prone channel with saturated traffic conditions. We determine the optimal performance bounds for a fixed number of devices in different priority classes with different values of bit error ratio. We conclude that high-priority devices obtain quick and reliable access to the error-prone channel compared to low-priority devices. The proposed model is validated through extensive simulations. The performance bounds obtained in our analysis can be used to understand the tradeoffs between different priority levels and network performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Review on Critical Data Transmission in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) assemble multiple transceiver nodes in, on, or around a patient's body to transmit physiological signals to the sink node and further send it to the medical personnel via a medical server. WBANs a sensor network that is characterized as energy-dependent. Due to this finite nature, the deployment of intelligent utilization is needed. Quality of service (QoS) is another area that needs rapt attention to receive exactly what was sent from the source node to the destination node and throughput. Critical data transmission is characterized by abnormal data status that requires an urgent response from the medical personnel without delay to save the patient's life. In this review article, we propose a review of critical data transmission in wireless body area networks. However, most past articles in this line focus more on energy-efficient, security and privacy, quality of the links, throughput, network maximization, and so on. None of them looks into the direction of transmitting critical data directly to the sink node without multi-hopping of the physiological signals between intermediate nodes, which wastes the time of transmission to save patient life. This disparity between these scholars motivates us to fill the gap between them. This review article briefly discussed the state-of-the-art critical data transmission in WBANs alongside the WBANs architecture and implementation. Furthermore, a pragmatic approach to determining the threshold's degree of critical data index sensed during transmission was also considered

Study and overview on WBAN under IEEE 802.15.6

WBAN (wireless body area networks) is an upcoming technology which stands to be a base for wearable and implantable sensors. The IEEE 802.15.6 formulates the physical and medium access for body area networks. The Body area networks can be implemented in several applications like health monitoring, ambient living environments and consumer electronics. This paper gives a clear overview about the functions of WBAN. The medium access layers and the physical layers of IEEE 802.15.6 are deeply examined and studied in this work. The access mechanisms of the protocol are explained in this paper. A clear literature review has also been stated to know the current state of art of this technology. The future possibilities and area to be explored also has been defined in this work

Critical data-based incremental cooperative communication for wireless body area network

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are single-hop network systems, where sensors gather the body’s vital signs and send them directly to master nodes (MNs). The sensors are distributed in or on the body. Therefore, body posture, clothing, muscle movement, body temperature, and climatic conditions generally influence the quality of the wireless link between sensors and the destination. Hence, in some cases, single hop transmission (‘direct transmission’) is not sufficient to deliver the signals to the destination. Therefore, we propose an emergency-based cooperative communication protocol for WBAN, named Critical Data-based Incremental Cooperative Communication (CD-ICC), based on the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA standard but assuming a lognormal shadowing channel model. In this paper, a complete study of a system model is inspected in the terms of the channel path loss, the successful transmission probability, and the outage probability. Then a mathematical model is derived for the proposed protocol, end-to-end delay, duty cycle, and average power consumption. A new back-off time is proposed within CD-ICC, which ensures the best relays cooperate in a distributed manner. The design objective of the CD-ICC is to reduce the end-to-end delay, the duty cycle, and the average power transmission. The simulation and numerical results presented here show that, under general conditions, CD-ICC can enhance network performance compared to direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA and benchmarking. To this end, we have shown that the power saving when using CD-ICC is 37.5% with respect to DTM IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA and 10% with respect to MI-ICC

HEH-BMAC: hybrid polling MAC protocol for WBANs operated by human energy harvesting

This paper introduces human energy harvesting medium access control (MAC) protocol (HEH-BMAC), a hybrid polling MAC suitable for wireless body area networks powered by human energy harvesting. The proposed protocol combines two different medium access methods, namely polling (ID-polling) and probabilistic contention access, to adapt its operation to the different energy and state (active/inactive) changes that the network nodes may experience due to their random nature and the time variation of the energy harvesting sources. HEH-BMAC exploits the packet inter-arrival time and the energy harvesting rate information of each node to implement an efficient access scheme with different priority levels. In addition, our protocol can be applied dynamically in realistic networks, since it is adaptive to the topology changes, allowing the insertion/removal of wireless sensor nodes. Extensive simulations have been conducted in order to evaluate the protocol performance and study the throughput and energy tradeoffs.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Kablosuz vücut alan ağları için servis kalitesi destekli yeni bir ortam erişim kontrol protokolü

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Kablosuz Vücut Alan Ağları (KVAA) kişisel alanda kullanılan, kablosuz ortamda haberleşen, algılayıcı düğümlerin oluşturduğu ağ modeli olarak tanımlanmaktadır. KVAA'lar medikal uygulamalar başta olmak üzere çok yaygın kullanım alanına sahiptir. Özellikle medikal uygulamalardaki verilerin hayati önem taşımasından dolayı KVAA'larda servis kalitesini sağlamak önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu yüzden KVAA'larda servis kalitesi üzerine birçok çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürdeki yapılan çalışmaların en büyük eksikliği, bir standarda sahip olmadıklarından dolayı farklı çalışma parametrelerine sahip olmalarıdır. Değişik çalışmaların ortak bir standart ile düzenlenmesi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu probleme çözüm bulmak amacıyla, tez çalışmasında kişisel sağlık bilgisinin standardını tanımlayan, ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) & IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) gibi dünyanın en önemli iki kurumunun desteklediği ISO/IEEE 11073 standardını esas alan bir Ortam Erişim Kontrol (OEK) protokolü geliştirilmiştir. Tez çalışmasında, önerilen OEK protokolünün tasarımında ISO/IEEE 11073 standartlarına göre servis kalitesi desteğini sağlamak amacıyla katmanlararası mimariden yararlanılmıştır. Önerilen tez çalışmasında servis kalitesi sağlamak amacıyla yeni bir zaman-dilimi tahsis şeması, öncelik mekanizması, kabul kontrol mekanizması ve katmanlararası yapı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen OEK protokolünün modellenmesi ve benzetimi OPNET Modeler yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Önerilen OEK protokolü, IEEE 802.15.4 ve IEEE 802.15.6 gibi standart haline gelmiş protokoller ve yakın zamanda literatürde sunulan çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmelere göre, geliştirilen OEK protokolünü diğer protokollerden uçtan-uca gecikmeye göre 5-6 kat daha az gecikme, 3-4 kata kadar daha yüksek iş çıkarma oranı elde edilmiştir ve %0.0001 paket kayıp oranı başarısı sağlanmıştır.Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are defined as network model that consisting of the sensor nodes, communicating wirelessly and used in personal area. WBANs have a very widespread usage area in medical applications principally. Especially, supporting Quality of Service (QoS) has become an important issue in WBANs because of the vital importance of data in medical applications. Therefore, many studies were performed on the QoS in WBANs. The most lack of the studies in literature is having different operating parameters due to the absence of any standard. The requirement of standardization for various studies has emerged. In order to find out a solution to this problem, we present a ISO/IEEE 11073-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in this thesis that standard is supporting by two large associations as ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) & IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and defines standard of personal health information. In this thesis, the proposed MAC protocol utilizes a cross-layer architecture due to support QoS according to ISO/IEEE 11073 standard. In order to provide QoS, a new slot allocation scheme, a priority mechanism, an admission control mechanism and a cross-layer architecture are developed in the proposed thesis. The developed MAC protocol has been modelled and simulated by OPNET Modeler software. The proposed MAC protocol is compared to the standard technologies of IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6, and recent protocols that is presented in the literature. According to the evaluations, the developed MAC protocol has better results for end-to-end delay is about 5-6 times lower latency, 3-4 times higher throughput then other protocols and achieves %0.0001 packet loss ratio

An energy analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 scheduled access modes

Body Area Networks (BANs) are an emerging area of wireless personal communications. The IEEE 802.15.6 working group aims to develop a communications standard optimised for low power devices operating on, in or around the human body. IEEE 802.15.6 specifically targets low power medical application areas. The IEEE 802.15.6 draft defines two main channel access modes; contention based and contention free. This paper examines the energy lifetime performance of contention free access and in particular of periodic scheduled allocations. This paper presents an overview of the IEEE 802.15.6 and an analytical model for estimating the device lifetime. The analysis determines the maximum device lifetime for a range of scheduled allocations. It also shows that the higher the data rate of frame transfers the longer the device lifetime. Finally, the energy savings provided by block transfers are quantified and compared to immediately acknowledged alternatives