Evaluation of the Microbiological Quality of Water for Consumption at the Ocean Sky Garment Manufacturing Facilities

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide.  Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_Water_Testing_Ocean_Sky.pdf: 190 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Grade 11 agricultural science teachers’ topic specific pedagogical content knowledge in teaching organic compounds: action-research in selected schools in Libode District.

Masters degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.In Agricultural Sciences, the teaching of chemistry and especially the topic of organic compounds is becoming an area of concern among Agricultural Sciences educators with poor chemistry background who are teaching in rural schools. These educators’ poor content and pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge of general chemistry and specifically organic chemistry also affect their learners’ understanding of science. This is a concern not only for the Department of Education, as poor results are produced in external examinations, but also for learners who then change career choices from Agricultural Sciences to other subjects perceived to be easier. Agricultural Sciences learners who are taught by teachers who are trained in chemistry are normally exposed to better teaching, as their teachers have good chemistry content knowledge thus minimising alternative conceptions that learners often exhibit. Teachers’ difficulties in understanding and therefore teaching organic chemistry is most visible when they interact with learners while trying to find easier ways of making the content meaningful in their classes. Such interaction is expressed as their topic specific pedagogical content knowledge (TS-PCK). This qualitative study sought to explore Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences teachers’ TS-PCK in teaching organic compounds. There are two research questions in this study. Firstly, what problems do Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences teachers encounter in teaching the topic organic compounds? And then, how can action research help Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences teachers to improve their TS-PCK in teaching organic compounds? It is an action-research study of selected schools in Libode District, Eastern Cape. A qualitative case study approach was chosen. Three Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences teachers were chosen as participants of this study by a purposive sample method, in line with the qualitative research design. Data generation and collection for this study was mainly through interviews with the teachers. The interviews were transcribed, data coded and themes emerged from this data analysis. The findings of the study confirmed that teachers who had not studied chemistry previously at a tertiary institution held more alternative conceptions in organic chemistry than those who had done so. The teachers without chemistry studies at university level were also found to have insufficient content knowledge for teaching chemistry in Agricultural Sciences. The results also confirmed that the use of workshops based on action research was a practical solution in rural areas for supporting teachers and building their confidence with regard to understanding and teaching the difficult chemistry concepts in Agricultural Sciences

Advanced application of bovine intestinal epithelial cell line for evaluating regulatory effect of lactobacilli against heat-killed enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli-mediated inflammation

Background: Previously, a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) was successfully established. This work hypothesized that BIE cells are useful in vitro model system for the study of interactions of microbial- or pathogenassociated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) with bovine intestinal epithelial cells and for the selection of immunoregulatory lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Results: All toll-like receptor (TLR) genes were expressed in BIE cells, being TLR4 one of the most strongly expressed. We demonstrated that heat-stable PAMPs of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) significantly enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1! and MCP-1 in BIE cells by activating both NF-"B and MAPK pathways. We evaluated the capacity of several lactobacilli strains to modulate heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-mediated inflammatory response in BIE cells. Among these strains evaluated, Lactobacillus casei OLL2768 attenuated heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-induced pro-inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-"B and p38 signaling pathways in BIE cells. Moreover, L. casei OLL2768 negatively regulated TLR4 signaling in BIE cells by up-regulating Toll interacting protein (Tollip) and B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein (Bcl-3). Conclusions: BIE cells are suitable for the selection of immunoregulatory LAB and for studying the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of immunobiotics against pathogen-induced inflammatory damage. In addition, we showed that L. casei OLL2768 functionally modulate the bovine intestinal epithelium by attenuating heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-induced inflammation. Therefore L. casei OLL2768 is a good candidate for in vivo studying the protective effect of LAB against intestinal inflammatory damage induced by ETEC infection or heat-stable ETEC PAMPs challenge in the bovine host.Fil: Takanashi, Naoya. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tomosada, Yohsuke. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Murata, Kozue. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Takahashi, Takuya. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Chiba, Eriko. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tohno, Masanori. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; Japan.;Fil: Tomoyuki Shimazu. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan; Laboratory of Animal Breading and Genetics. Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Japan.;Fil: Aso, Hisashi. Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan.;Fil: Suda, Yoshihito. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment. Miyagi University; Japan.;Fil: Ikegami, Shuji. Division of Research and Development. Food Science Institut. Meiji Dairies CoOdawara; Japan;Fil: Itoh, Hiroyuki. Division of Research and Development. Food Science Institut. Meiji Dairies CoOdawara; Japan;Fil: Kawai, Yasushi. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tadao Saito. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Alvarez, Gladis Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina;Fil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan

Exploiting the allelopathic properties of agricultural crops in low-input cropping systems

The FATEALLCHEM project (5th framework programme) applied a holistic approach and used modern techniques in allelopathy research, concluded on the possibilities of exploiting allelopathic properties of wheat and rye and established a framework for future allelopathy research. An extract of the results of the FATEALLCHEM project will be presented, based on 18 recent papers, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, vol 54 (available on the web of JAFC

Planning, implementation and scientific goals of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission

The Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission based at Ellington Field, Texas, during August and September 2013 employed the most comprehensive airborne payload to date to investigate atmospheric composition over North America. The NASA ER-2, DC-8, and SPEC Inc. Learjet flew 57 science flights from the surface to 20 km. The ER-2 employed seven remote sensing instruments as a satellite surrogate and eight in situ instruments. The DC-8 employed 23 in situ and five remote sensing instruments for radiation, chemistry, and microphysics. The Learjet used 11 instruments to explore cloud microphysics. SEAC4RS launched numerous balloons, augmented AErosol RObotic NETwork, and collaborated with many existing ground measurement sites. Flights investigating convection included close coordination of all three aircraft. Coordinated DC-8 and ER-2 flights investigated the optical properties of aerosols, the influence of aerosols on clouds, and the performance of new instruments for satellite measurements of clouds and aerosols. ER-2 sorties sampled stratospheric injections of water vapor and other chemicals by local and distant convection. DC-8 flights studied seasonally evolving chemistry in the Southeastern U.S., atmospheric chemistry with lower emissions of NOx and SO2 than in previous decades, isoprene chemistry under high and low NOx conditions at different locations, organic aerosols, air pollution near Houston and in petroleum fields, smoke from wildfires in western forests and from agricultural fires in the Mississippi Valley, and the ways in which the chemistry in the boundary layer and the upper troposphere were influenced by vertical transport in convective clouds

Managing Alaska Soils

This publication is for the gardener who wants to gain a more thorough understanding of soil basics, including soil components, texture, structure, water permeability and chemistry. There is also information on soil fertility and plant nutrients.This publication replaces the following Extension publications: Soil Fundamentals by C.L. Johnson, former Extension Assistant, Palmer Research Station, University of Alaska Fairbanks and Soil Fertility Basics and Soil Sampling and Analysis by J.L. Walworth, former Soil Scientist, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Palmer Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Influence of lowland forests on subsurface salt accumulation in shallow groundwater areas

In flat sedimentary plains in areas with a sub-humid climate, tree planting on grasslands and arable lands creates strong hydrological shifts. As a result of deep rooting and high water uptake of trees, groundwater levels drop and subsurface salt accumulation increases. Tree planting has expanded globally and in Hungary it reached the rates of 15000 ha/year, being focused mainly in the Great Hungarian Plain where forests replace grasslands and crops in a region with widespread shallow groundwater. We performed soil and groundwater observations in 31 pairs of forest and control plots in the region, including gradients of initial water table depth and salinity, soil layering, and tree species and age. Accumulated tree biomass was positively correlated with soil salinization rates following tree planting, being also affected by species (poplar > common oak > black locust) and stand age. Differences among tree species effects appeared to be related to their growth rates. Due to downward deep percolation and salt leaching episodes during the Hungarian winters, the observed salt accumulation rates were lower than those described under similar settings in the warmer Argentine Pampas.Fil: Tóth, Tibor. Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; HungríaFil: Balog, Kitti. Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; HungríaFil: Szabó, András. Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; HungríaFil: Pásztor, László. Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; HungríaFil: Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Gribovszki, Zoltán. University of West Hungary. Institute of Geomatics and Civil Engineering; Hungrí

Evaluation of the immunoregulatory capacities of feed microbial materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells.

The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy lives- tock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity are expected to be beneficial for reducing diarrhoea caused by pathogens in weaned piglets, the effects of such materials on porcine intestinal cells have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this work evaluated the immunoregulatory functions of microbial feed materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells. Porcine immune cells isolated from Peyer?s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were stimulated with six different feed materials containing microorganisms, and evaluated for lymphocyte mitogenicity and cytokine inductions. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with the materials before treatment with heat-killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and analyzed for the proinflammatory cytokine expressions. The material containing Bifidobacterium thermophilum significantly augmented lymphocytes? mitogenicity and also induced a high expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in immune cells, and inhibited ETEC-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 via regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. These results suggest that this feed material stimulates intestinal epithelial and immune cells to exert immunoregulation, suggesting that this feed is expected to contribute to promoting the health of piglets without using antimicrobial feed materials.Fil: Kumagae, Naosuke. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón. Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd.; JapónFil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; JapónFil: Tomosada, Yohsuke. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; JapónFil: Kobayashi, Hisakazu . Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; JapónFil: Kanmani, Paulraj. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; JapónFil: Aso, Hisashi . Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Cell Biology Laboratory; JapónFil: Sasaki, Takashi . Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd.; JapónFil: Yoshida, Motohiko . Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd.; JapónFil: Tanabe, Hiroshi. Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd.; JapónFil: Shibata, Isao. Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd.; JapónFil: Saito, Tadao . Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; JapónFil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japó

Biotechnology, trade, and hunger: IFPRI 2000-2001 Annual Report Essay

In the past two hundred years, there has been much concern with the Malthusian race between population growth and food supply. So far, food has won: increases in agricultural productivity have exceeded population growth. The last century saw three revolutions in agricultural technology — one based on mechanization, one on chemistry (leading to effective fertilizers and pesticides), and one on biology (the “Green Revolution”). For much of this period, agricultural productivity and output have grown rapidly and the relative price of food has declined. But the new genetic modification (GM) technologies that many expect will help the world meet its food needs — not only through quantity, but nutritional quality as well — raise critical issues for international trade, including this key question: What will happen if pressure from consumers and environmentalists in the developed world leads to a new generation of trade restrictions, or to the segmentation of GM-food product markets, as appears to be happening in Europe and Japan? An answer to this question requires a brief look at agricultural trade and involves both legal and economic analysis.Biotechnology Economic aspects., Food supply., Agricultural growth.,