What is Meant by Freedom?

In 1955, in a neglected article in the Harvard Law Review entitled Freedom—A Suggested Analysis, Lon L. Fuller provided a framework for the basic definition of freedom. More importantly, he tendered a question about the conditions of a free society: “How can the freedom of human beings be affected or advanced by social arrangements, that is, by laws, customs, institutions, or other forms of social order that can be changed or preserved by purposive human actions?” This is the critical question this Article addresses through constructing a comprehensive definition by first, considering etymology and then establishing the various modalities in which freedom operates. These modalities include the space defined by the rule of law and various antithetical non-rule-of-law states, the role of democracy and representative government in disparate levels of society, the importance of rights as trumps on power, and the challenges posed by social justice. Finally, Fuller’s question raises the issue of “laws, customs, institutions [and] other forms of social order,” all of which luminaries such as John Stuart Mill saw as unfortunate, but necessary, evils when considering freedom. Rather than necessary evils, this article will consider the productive role ascribed to law and institutions by Scott Shapiro, who views law as a form of social planning that effectuates choices, thus enhancing freedom

A simulation based supply partner selection decision support tool for service provision in Dell.

Partner selection is an important aspect of all outsourcing processes. Traditional partner selection, typically involves steps to determine the criteria for outsourcing, followed by a qualification of potential suppliers and concluding with a final selection of partner(s). Reverse auctions (RAs) have widely been used for partner selection in recent times. However, RAs, although proven successful in initial price reduction strategies for product and service provision, can suffer from reduced effectiveness as the number of executions increases. This paper illustrates Dell’s experience of such diminishing returns for its outsourced after sales product repair service and presents the development, of a new partner selection methodology which incorporates a new process improvement stage to be executed in combination with the final selection phase. This new methodology is underpinned by the development of a computer based simulation supply partner selection decision support tool for service provision. The paper highlights the significant additional cost saving benefits achievable and improvement in service through the use of advanced simulation based decision supports

Annual Report 2021-2022: Student Life & Development

Student Life and Development (SLD) professionals at Winona State University (WSU) deliver programs, services, and activities that support students\u27 academic achievement, social development, and well-being in the timely pursuit of their educational goals. The 2021-2022 SLD Annual Report provides information from the following departments: Admissions, Community Engagement, Conduct & Citizenship, Counseling and Wellness Services, Dean of Students, Equity & Inclusion Excellence, Health & Wellness Services, Housing & Residence Life, Integrative Wellness, Student Union & Activities, TRIO Student Support Services, the Warrior Hub, and the Warrior Success Center.https://openriver.winona.edu/annualreportssld/1006/thumbnail.jp

Strategian toimeenpano: Selitettävien tekijöiden tunnistus onnistuneen liiketoiminta-analytiikan toimeenpanoa varten organisaatiossa

In the contemporary era where the value of data is being compared to oil, it is no wonder that executives are actively pursuing to extract value from data with business analytics to gain competitive advantage. Despite accelerating investments into business analytics, there lacks a unified model for executives to rely on during the implementation process, hence explaining the large variance partially amongst organizations’ ROIs. This thesis, therefore, addresses the void by proposing a conceptual model for business analytics implementation (CMBAI) for executives to utilize when implementing business analytics. To address the void rightfully, initially, I identify an organizational model framework that holistically considers the multidimensional internal environment of an organization when implementing a strategy. This is followed by the identification of business analytics conformities associated with each variable under the chosen organizational model framework, creating a rudimentary CMBAI. The CMBAI is finally developed and consolidated by cross-referencing it against a case study in accordance to abductive research methodology. The revised CMBAI model is framed around the McKinsey 7S Framework (M7S), thus addressing comprehensively the variables related to strategy implementation. The model identifies three overarching themes that influence the success of reaping the benefits of business analytics: (1) leadership- structured manner of communication in both strategical and operational level synchronized with a leadership style that both ease organizational adoption of business analytics and promotes active insight generation to occur among employees; (2) organizational BA competency- ensuring competency in both system level through business analytic tools and human level through multiple level skill development; and (3) ownership facilitation- enablement of an appropriate structure and culture that promote to self-initiatively take actions based on insights gathered. Moreover, research indicates the entangled nature of M7S variables requires business analytics implementors to take a holistic approach to implementation in contrast to focusing only on a handful of elements related to business analytics. The research contributes to the existing theory by unifying the vast scope of business analytics literature under a single research and provides an in-depth analysis of the success factors when applying business analytics. Despite consolidation of CMBAI for becoming a universal model requires further similar studies to be conducted, this thesis provides a solid foundation for a holistic business analytics implementation model to emerge.Siinä missä nyky-yhteiskunnassa rinnastetaan öljyn arvoa dataan, on täysin luonnollista, että yritysjohtajat pyrkivät aktiivisesti hyödyntämään dataa luodakseen kilpailuetua kilpailijoihinsa nähden. Huolimatta kasvavista sijoituksesta liiketoiminta-analytiikkaan, yrityksiltä puuttuu yhteinen malli liiketoiminta-analytiikan täytäntöönpanoon, joka osin selittää yritysten välisen suurehkon hajonnan liiketoiminta-analytiikan sijoitetun pääoman tuottoprosenteissa. Tämä diplomityö pyrkii vastaamaan edellä mainittuun tarpeeseen ehdottamalla käsitteellisen mallin liiketoiminta-analytiikan täytäntöönpanoon (KMLAT). Vastatakseen tarpeeseen oikeudenmukaisesti, pyrin alussa tunnistamaan viitekehyksen, joka ottaa organisaation moniulotteisen sisäisen ympäristön huomioon toimeenpantaessa uutta strategiaa. Seuraavana selvitän valitun viitekehyksen muuttujien liiketoiminta-analytiikan keskinäiset alaisuudet luodakseen alustavan KMLAT:n. Hyödyntäen abduktiivista tutkimusmenetelmää, KMLAT:ia jatkojalostetaan ja sen asemaa vahvistetaan käyttämällä sitä erään tapausyrityksen tutkimisessa. Diplomityön lopullinen KMLAT perustuu McKinsey:n 7S viitekehykseen, jolla saadaan kokonaisvaltainen ymmärrys organisaation muuttujista toimeenpantaessa strategiaa. Mallin avulla on tunnistettu kolme rajoja ylittävää teema, jotka vaikuttavat liiketoiminta-analytiikan menestykselliseen toimeenpanoon; johtajuus, organisaation liiketoiminta-analytiikka kyvykkyys, ja omistajuuden edistäminen. Johtajuudessa merkittävinä osatekijöinä ovat strateginen ja operatiivinen viestintä, ja johtamismalli, joka edistää oivalluksien tuottamista. Organisaation liiketoiminta-analytiikka kyvykkyys taas ottaa kantaa tekijöistä, joihin tulisi erityisesti asettaa huomiota kehittäessä liiketoimintaa-analytiikka järjestelmää ja työntekijöitä. Kolmanneksi, omistajuuden edistäminen organisaatiorakenne ja kulttuuritasolla on havaittu olennaiseksi tekijäksi toimeenpannakseen käytäntöön liiketoiminta-analytiikasta saadut havainnot. Tämä tutkimus edistää olemassa olevaa liiketoiminta-analytiikkaa kirjallisuutta yhdistämällä niitä yhden tutkimuksen alle ja tuo perusteellisen analyysin kriittisistä menetystekijöistä toimeenpantaessa liiketoiminta-analytiikkaa. Vaikka KMLAT:ia on jatkojalostettu erään tutkimustapauksen avulla, sitä tulee jatkojalostaa ja vahvistaa edelleen, jotta mallia voidaan pitää yleispätevänä. Siitä huolimatta, tämä diplomityö luo vankan perustan tulevalle tutkimukselle, ja toimii lähtökohtana rakentaessa yleismallia liiketoiminta-analytiikan toimeenpanoa varten

The Empirical Results of Conditional Analysis of Principals Reasons in Bullying Teachers

Starting from the bullying of teachers by principals, this paper elaborates (a) how incompetency of management favours its emergence, (b) how teachers can see it, and (c) whether this problem affects the performance of teachers or not. The empirical results show that motivation, a positive workplace, and not being bullied or agitated by principals increase teachers performance. The findings show that the teachers consider managements incompetency the major factor to be blamed. Collaboration between teachers can have a role in limiting this abuse. Because management is the key obligation for clearing the ethos and function of the company and clarifying the translation of words into the organization, there is some laggard of management in the way the control extracted from the structured authority is confused. Success strain!! In the light of the short- and long-term priorities and plans, colleges and organized entity made up of people operating, supervised and operationally, can operate every phase so the activities can be orchestrated and integrated in an equilibrated manner

Practices for Business Intelligence Development - Identifying the Knowledge Management Leveraging During the Strategic Tool Creation Process : Action Research in Hitachi Energy

Aim: This study aims to elaborate on knowledge management practice utilization during the designing and implementation of strategic tools for business intelligence, primarily focusing on different organizational levels. Theory: The study covers two research streams: knowledge management and strategy-as-practice. The synthesis of these forms the framework of the study, which is used to observe the participation of different organizational levels in the strategic tool creation process and the information and knowledge received from individual practitioners. Methodology: The empirical part of this study consists of a case study for Hitachi Energy through action research. The data was gathered through process observations and structured and unstructured interviews with practitioners from different organizational levels. Finally, the data analysis is carried out as thematic analysis, which focuses on describing implicit and explicit interpretations. Findings and contribution: The strategy tool design and implementation process usually involve practitioners from different organizational levels with different backgrounds that will bring a unique set of information and knowledge. As a result, it is essential to identify the practitioners who positively contribute to the desired outcome. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of senior and middle management in terms of knowledge input and identify the lower management and operational level as assistive strategy practitioners. The knowledge input of these practitioners can be enhanced by creating agile draft versions during various project stages. The draft versions allow the parties involved to get a better overall view of the project and improve the quality and accuracy of the feedback provided, development suggestions, and other relevant observations. In addition to these findings, significant findings for the strategic tool developer were keeping the big picture in mind and understanding the essential knowledge-related characteristics of different organizational levels

Schema Inference for Massive JSON Datasets

In the recent years JSON affirmed as a very popular data format for representing massive data collections. JSON data collections are usually schemaless. While this ensures sev- eral advantages, the absence of schema information has im- portant negative consequences: the correctness of complex queries and programs cannot be statically checked, users cannot rely on schema information to quickly figure out the structural properties that could speed up the formulation of correct queries, and many schema-based optimizations are not possible. In this paper we deal with the problem of inferring a schema from massive JSON datasets. We first identify a JSON type language which is simple and, at the same time, expressive enough to capture irregularities and to give com- plete structural information about input data. We then present our main contribution, which is the design of a schema inference algorithm, its theoretical study, and its implemen- tation based on Spark, enabling reasonable schema infer- ence time for massive collections. Finally, we report about an experimental analysis showing the effectiveness of our ap- proach in terms of execution time, precision, and conciseness of inferred schemas, and scalability