Advanced Metering Infrastructure Based on Smart Meters in Smart Grid

Due to lack of situational awareness, automated analysis, poor visibility, and mechanical switches, today\u27s electric power grid has been aging and ill‐suited to the demand for electricity, which has gradually increased, in the twenty‐first century. Besides, the global climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions on the Earth caused by the electricity industries, the growing population, one‐way communication, equipment failures, energy storage problems, the capacity limitations of electricity generation, decrease in fossil fuels, and resilience problems put more stress on the existing power grid. Consequently, the smart grid (SG) has emerged to address these challenges. To realize the SG, an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) based on smart meters is the most important key

Spectrum Sharing, Latency, and Security in 5G Networks with Application to IoT and Smart Grid

The surge of mobile devices, such as smartphones, and tables, demands additional capacity. On the other hand, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and smart grid, which connects numerous sensors, devices, and machines require ubiquitous connectivity and data security. Additionally, some use cases, such as automated manufacturing process, automated transportation, and smart grid, require latency as low as 1 ms, and reliability as high as 99.99\%. To enhance throughput and support massive connectivity, sharing of the unlicensed spectrum (3.5 GHz, 5GHz, and mmWave) is a potential solution. On the other hand, to address the latency, drastic changes in the network architecture is required. The fifth generation (5G) cellular networks will embrace the spectrum sharing and network architecture modifications to address the throughput enhancement, massive connectivity, and low latency. To utilize the unlicensed spectrum, we propose a fixed duty cycle based coexistence of LTE and WiFi, in which the duty cycle of LTE transmission can be adjusted based on the amount of data. In the second approach, a multi-arm bandit learning based coexistence of LTE and WiFi has been developed. The duty cycle of transmission and downlink power are adapted through the exploration and exploitation. This approach improves the aggregated capacity by 33\%, along with cell edge and energy efficiency enhancement. We also investigate the performance of LTE and ZigBee coexistence using smart grid as a scenario. In case of low latency, we summarize the existing works into three domains in the context of 5G networks: core, radio and caching networks. Along with this, fundamental constraints for achieving low latency are identified followed by a general overview of exemplary 5G networks. Besides that, a loop-free, low latency and local-decision based routing protocol is derived in the context of smart grid. This approach ensures low latency and reliable data communication for stationary devices. To address data security in wireless communication, we introduce a geo-location based data encryption, along with node authentication by k-nearest neighbor algorithm. In the second approach, node authentication by the support vector machine, along with public-private key management, is proposed. Both approaches ensure data security without increasing the packet overhead compared to the existing approaches

A Comprehensive Survey on the Cyber-Security of Smart Grids: Cyber-Attacks, Detection, Countermeasure Techniques, and Future Directions

One of the significant challenges that smart grid networks face is cyber-security. Several studies have been conducted to highlight those security challenges. However, the majority of these surveys classify attacks based on the security requirements, confidentiality, integrity, and availability, without taking into consideration the accountability requirement. In addition, some of these surveys focused on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, which does not differentiate between the application, session, and presentation and the data link and physical layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. In this survey paper, we provide a classification of attacks based on the OSI model and discuss in more detail the cyber-attacks that can target the different layers of smart grid networks communication. We also propose new classifications for the detection and countermeasure techniques and describe existing techniques under each category. Finally, we discuss challenges and future research directions

Óptima planeación de redes celulares para la infraestructura de medición inteligente en zonas rurales y remotas

Smart metering is used to control, monitor and know the system status in real time; to this effect, the incorporation of smart grids primarily benefits the electrical system; similarly, the reuse of infrastructure and cellular spectrum help mitigate the time and cost of its implementation.  In order to reduce traffic and saturation of cellular networks, this paper aims at determining the optimal route for information transmission analyzing the optimal routing through distances and optimal routing through traffic flow. This analysis helps determine what the optimal route is, when there is no traffic on the wireless network, or when there is prolonged traffic, and what the traffic tendencies are, that may occur by excessive information transmission of smart meters to electric distribution companies.La medición inteligente se emplea para controlar, monitorear y conocer el estado del sistema en tiempo real; por ese motivo, la incorporación de redes inteligentes beneficia primordialmente al sistema eléctrico. Así mismo, con la reutilización de la infraestructura y del espectro celular, ayuda a mitigar el tiempo y el costo de su implementación. Con la finalidad de reducir el tráfico y la saturación de las redes celulares, se propone determinar la ruta óptima para el envío de la información, para ello se analiza un ruteo óptimo por medio de distancias y un ruteo óptimo por medio de flujo de tráfico. Gracias a este análisis, se determina cuál es la ruta óptima cuando no existe tráfico en la red celular o cuando existe un tráfico prolongado, y cuáles son las tendencias de tráfico que se pueden producir por el envío excesivo de la información de los medidores inteligentes hacia las empresas eléctricas de distribución

Optimal planning for cellular networks for smart metering infrastructure in rural and remote areas

Smart metering is used to control, mon-itor and know the system status in real time; to this effect, the incorporation of smart grids primarily benefits the electrical system; similarly, the reuse of infrastructure and cellular spectrum help mitigate the time and cost of its implementation. In order to reduce traffic and saturation of cellular networks, this paper aims at determining the optimal route for in-formation transmission analyzing the optimal routing through distances and optimal routing through traf-fic flow. This analysis helps determine what the opti-mal route is, when there is no traffic on the wireless network, or when there is prolonged traffic, and what the traffic tendencies are, that may occur by excessive information transmission of smart meters to electric distribution companiesLa medición inteligente se emplea para controlar, monitorear y conocer el estado del sistema en tiempo real; por ese motivo, la incorporación de redes inteligentes beneficia primordialmente al sistema eléctrico. Así mismo, con la reutilización de la infraestructura y del espectro celular, ayuda a mitigar el tiempo y el costo de su implementación. Con la finalidad de reducir el tráfico y la saturación de las redes celulares, se propone determinar la ruta óptima para el envío de la información, para ello se analiza un ruteo óptimo por medio de distancias y un ruteo óptimo por medio de flujo de tráfico. Gracias a este análisis, se determina cuál es la ruta óptima cuando no existe tráfico en la red celular o cuando existe un tráfico prolongado, y cuáles son las tendencias de tráfico que se pueden producir por el envío excesivo de la información de los medidores inteligentes hacia las empresas eléctricas de distribución