Approach for Improved Signal-Based Fault Diagnosis of Hot Rolling Mills

Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz ist in der Lage, zwei spezifische schwere Fehler zu erkennen, sie zu identifizieren, zwischen vier verschiedenen Systemzuständen zu unterscheiden und eine Prognose bezüglich des Systemverhaltens zu geben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Zustandsüberwachung des komplexen Herstellungsprozesses eines Warmbandwalzwerks. Eine signalbasierte Fehlerdiagnose und ein Fehlerprognoseansatz für den Bandlauf werden entwickelt. Eine Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick über die bisherige Forschung zu verwandten Themen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die große Anzahl vorheriger Arbeiten diese Thematik nicht gelöst hat und dass weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich sind, um eine zufriedenstellende Lösung der behandelten Probleme zu erhalten. Die Entwicklung einer neuen Signalverarbeitungskette und die Signalverarbeitungsschritte sind detailliert dargestellt. Die Klassifikationsaufgabe wird in Fehlerdiagnose, Fehleridentifikation und Fehlerprognose differenziert. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz kombiniert fünf verschiedene Methoden zur Merkmalsextraktion, nämlich Short-Time Fourier Transformation, kontinuierliche Wavelet Transformation, diskrete Wavelet Transformation, Wigner-Ville Distribution und Empirical Mode Decomposition, mit zwei verschiedenen Klassifikationsalgorithmen, nämlich Support-Vektor Maschine und eine Variation der Kreuzkorrelation, wobei letztere in dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurde. Kombinationen dieser Merkmalsextraktion und Klassifikationsverfahren werden an Walzkraft-Daten aus einer Warmbreitbandstraße angewendet.The approach introduced here is able to detect two specific severe faults, to identify them, to distinguish between four different system states, and to give a prognosis on the system behavior. The presented work investigates the condition monitoring of the complex production process of a hot strip rolling mill. A signal-based fault diagnosis and fault prognosis approach for strip travel is developed. A literature review gives an overview about previous research on related topics. It is shown that the great amount of previous work does not cope with the problems treated in this work and that further investigation is necessary to provide a satisfactory solution. The design of a new signal processing chain is presented and the signal processing steps are detailed. The classification task is differentiated into fault detection, fault identification and fault prognosis. The proposed approach combines five different methods for feature extraction, namely short time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform, discrete wavelet transform, Wigner-Ville distribution, and empirical mode decomposition, with two different classification algorithms, namely support vector machine and a variation of cross-correlation, the latter developed in this work. Combinations of these feature extraction and classification methods are applied to rolling force data originating from a hot strip mill

18th Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water

Conference at a Glance Monday, October 21, 2002 Workshops Workshops # 1, 2 & 3 - 10:00 am - 5:00 pm Workshops # 4 & 5 - 1:00 - 5:00 pm 1: The Indoor Air Exposure Pathway from Chlorinated Solvent Contaminated Groundwater 2: Theory and Use of Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence for Soil Analysis 3: In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Workshop 4: Workshop on Current Spectrochemical Techniques for Determining Heavy Metals in Sediments and Soils 5: Practical Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil and Groundwater Tuesday, October 22, 2002 Platform Presentations 8:30am-Noon Session 1: Advances in In-Situ Remediation Session 2: Phytoremediation Session 3: Heavy Metals 1:30pm-5:30pm Session 1: MTBE Session 2: Sediments I Session 3A: RBCA Session 3B: Regulatory Poster Session, 4:00 pm - 6:00 pm , Exhibit Area, First Floor, Campus Center Social: 4:30-6:00 pm Exhibit Area, First Floor Campus Center Workshops (Evening 7:00-10:00 pm) 6: State of the Science in Assessing MTBE Degradation II 7: Recent Improvements in the Practice of Risk Assessment as Illustrated through Case Studies Wednesday, October 23, 2002 Platform Presentations 8:30 am-Noon Session 1: Environmental Forensics I Session 2: MGP Site Closure Session 3: Bioremediation 1:30pm-5:30pm Session 1: Sediments II Session 2: Remediation - Soils Session 3A: Chemical Oxidation Session 3B: Training Range Residues Session 4: Biomarkers for Contamination: Hierarchical Approaches Poster Session, 1:00-3:00 pm, Exhibit Area, First Floor, Campus Center Social: 4:30-6:00 pm Exhibit Area, First Floor Campus Center Workshops (Evening 7:00-10:00pm) 8: Forensic Environmental Geochemistry: Petroleum Fuels 9: MGP Site Closures: Experiences from the Trenches - Point Counter Point Technology Review 10: Environmental Fate of Hydrocarbons in Soils and Groundwater Thursday, October 24, 2002 Platform Presentations 8:30 am-Noon Session 1: Environmental Forensics II Session 2: Remediation - Groundwater Session 3: Arsenic Session 4: Site Assessment/Environmental Fate 1:30pm-5:30pm Session 1: Sediments III Session 2: Risk Assessmen

A Late Iron Age farmstead in the Outer Hebrides

The settlement at Bornais consists of a complex of mounds which protrude from the relatively flat machair plain in the township of Bornais on the island of South Uist. This sandy plain has proved an attractive settlement from the Beaker period onwards; it appears to have been intensively occupied from the Late Bronze Age to the end of the Norse period. Mound 1 was the original location for settlement in this part of the machair plain; pre-Viking activity of some complexity is present and it is likely that the settlement activity started in the Middle Iron Age, if not earlier. The examination of the mound 1 deposits provides an important contribution to our understanding of the Iron Age sequence in the Atlantic province. The principal contribution comprises the large quantities of mammal, fish and bird bones, carbonised plant remains and pottery, which can be accurately dated to a fairly precise and narrow period in the 1st millennium AD. These are augmented by a substantial collection of small finds which included distinctive bone artefacts. The contextual significance of the site is based on the survival of floor deposits and a burnt-down roof; the floor deposits can be compared with abandonment and adjacent midden deposits providing contrasting contextual environments that help to clarify depositional processes. The burning down of the house and the excellent preservation of the deposits within it provide an unparalleled opportunity to examine the timber superstructure of the building and the layout of the material used by the inhabitants

Segedunum

Between 1975 and 1984 almost the entire area of the Roman fort of Segedunum in Wallsend was excavated under the direction of Charles Daniels, senior lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at Newcastle University. It is these excavations which form the subject of this publication. This comprehensive report on the structural remains (Vol. 1) and finds (Vol. 2) show clearly that Daniels’ work represented one of the most ambitious and prolonged programmes of fieldwork attempted on the northern frontier up to that point and has made Wallsend one of the most fully investigated of Roman forts in Britain. In most areas the remains were not excavated down to natural and so the remains revealed were predominantly those of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, with some late Roman features. Volume 1 describes first the stratigraphic sequences and excavation of the stone and timber buildings of the fort’s central range: the granary, hospital, headquarters (principia), commanding officer’s house (praetorium), the forehall fronting the principia and granary, and a long narrow building, perhaps a workshop, on the north side of the eastern via principalis. In the case of all but the praetorium these buildings were fully exposed. Later chapters cover the buildings in the northern third of the fort, revealed to be a group of six infantry barracks which underwent several phases of rebuilding and refurbishment including partial replacment by a stable block. Parts 4 and 5 examine the cavalry barracks in the southern part of the fort (retentura) and excavations of sections of the fort defences on all four sides, particularly of discrete structures such as towers and gates. Volume 2, on the predominantly 2nd–3rd century material culture from the site, looks at the stonework, pottery, coins and small finds recovered. The stonework and ceramic building material provides information on the appearance of the fort and include a very rare stone latrine seat and a bench support. The pottery comprises samian, mortaria, including a large collection stamped by Anaus, amphorae and coarse wares. Other clases of artefact occur in comparatively small numbers, including colourless glass tablewares of the second and third centuries, 295 coins and c. 1000 small finds including some post-Roman pieces. Finally there is a detialed assessment of animal bone assemblages from a cistern and the Commanding Officer’s house

A Late Iron Age farmstead in the Outer Hebrides

The settlement at Bornais consists of a complex of mounds which protrude from the relatively flat machair plain in the township of Bornais on the island of South Uist. This sandy plain has proved an attractive settlement from the Beaker period onwards; it appears to have been intensively occupied from the Late Bronze Age to the end of the Norse period. Mound 1 was the original location for settlement in this part of the machair plain; pre-Viking activity of some complexity is present and it is likely that the settlement activity started in the Middle Iron Age, if not earlier. The examination of the mound 1 deposits provides an important contribution to our understanding of the Iron Age sequence in the Atlantic province. The principal contribution comprises the large quantities of mammal, fish and bird bones, carbonised plant remains and pottery, which can be accurately dated to a fairly precise and narrow period in the 1st millennium AD. These are augmented by a substantial collection of small finds which included distinctive bone artefacts. The contextual significance of the site is based on the survival of floor deposits and a burnt-down roof; the floor deposits can be compared with abandonment and adjacent midden deposits providing contrasting contextual environments that help to clarify depositional processes. The burning down of the house and the excellent preservation of the deposits within it provide an unparalleled opportunity to examine the timber superstructure of the building and the layout of the material used by the inhabitants

Advanced Control To Reduce The Likelihood Of Cobbles In The Tandem Rolling Of Hot Metal Strip

The performance of our SDRE-based controller in the face of various extended uncertainties and disturbances was shown in our previous work to be highly successful. In our previous investigation we have taken the material of the workpiece to be of one phase (austenite) and of medium and low carbon equivalents. However, it is recognized that a disturbance such as a greater decrease in temperature while processing a material of extra-low carbon equivalent could result in a change in the phase of the workpiece. Such a change in phase can result in a wreck (a cobble) in the mill, with resulting downtime and the possibility of equipment damage. In this paper we expand our previous work to examine the effects of changes in the temperature of a workpiece of extra-low carbon equivalent and show that any resulting changes in the phase of the workpiece are effectively handled by our controller to reduce the likelihood of cobbles in the mill

Advanced Control To Reduce The Likelihood Of Cobbles In The Tandem Rolling Of Hot Metal Strip

The performance of our state-dependent Riccati equation-based controller in the face of various extended uncertainties and disturbances was shown in our previous work to be highly successful. In our previous investigation, we have taken the material of the workpiece to be of one phase (austenite) and of medium and low carbon equivalents. However, it is recognized that a disturbance such as a greater decrease in temperature while processing a material of extra-low carbon equivalent could result in a change in the phase of the workpiece. Such a change in phase can result in a wreck (a cobble) in the mill, with resulting downtime and the possibility of equipment damage. In this paper, we expand our previous work to examine the effects of changes in the temperature of a workpiece of extra-low carbon equivalent and show that any resulting changes in the phase of the workpiece are effectively handled by our controller to reduce the likelihood of cobbles in the mill

EFFECTS OF FOREST AND GRASS VEGETATION ON FLUVIOKARST HILLSLOPE HYDROLOGY, BOWMAN\u27S BEND, KENTUCKY

Subsurface solutional pathways make limestone terrains sensitive to changes in soil properties that regulate flows to the epikarst. This study examines biogeomorphic factors responsible for changed water movements and erosion in fluviokarst slopes deforested 200 years ago along the Kentucky River, Kentucky. In this project, infiltration and water content data from forest and fescue grass soil profiles were analyzed within a detailed overview of system factors regulating hillslope hydrology. Results show that grass has growth and rooting characteristics that tend to create a larger volume of lateral water movement in upper soil layers than occurs under forests. This sets up the current emergent pattern of erosion in which water perches at grass slope bases and overwhelms pre-existing epikarst drainage. Tree roots are able to cause solution at multiple discrete points of entry into fractures and bedding planes, increasing storage capacity and releasing sediment over time. Grass roots do not enter bedrock, and their rooting depth limits diffuse vertical preferential flow in root channels to above one meter. In the areas dense clay soils, flow under grass is conducted sideways either through the regolith or at the bedrock surface. Rapid flow along rock faces in hillslope benches likely moves fines via subsurface routes from the hillslope shoulders, causing the exposure of flat outcrops under grass. Lower growing season evapotranspiration also promotes higher grass summer flow volumes. Gullying occurs at sensitive points where cutters pass from the uphill grassed area into the forest, or where flow across the bedrock surface crosses grass/forest boundaries oriented vertical to the slope. At these locations, loss of the protective grass root mat, coupled with instigation of tree root preferential flow in saturated soils, causes soil pipes to develop. Fluviokarst land management decisions should be based on site-specific slope, soil depth, and epkarst drainage conditions, since zones sensitive to erosion are formed by spatial and temporal conjunctions of a large number of lithologic, karst, soil, climate, and vegetation factors. This study shows that it is the composite of differing influences created by forest and grass that make forests critical for soil retention in high-energy limestone terrains

Archaeological Data Recovery (41TR198) and Survey Within the Riverside Oxbow Project Tarrant County, Texas

This report presents the findings of the survey of 75 acres and the excavation of 28 cubic meters of site 41TR198 (Crooked Oxbow Site) within the Riverside Oxbow Project sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, in partnership with the City of Fort Worth and the Tarrant County Water District. Planned impacts from this proposed project include habitat restoration, channel reestablishment, vegetation plantings, new roads, and sports field construction. The deepest impacts planned for the Area of Potential Effects are one meter and involve the excavation of a shallow lake utilizing the relict oxbow bordering site 41TR198. Impacts planned for the remainder of the project area will be less than one-half meter deep. Overall, the project will attempt to use the existing landscape as much as possible in order to reduce impacts. As a federal agency the USACE is required to undertake cultural resource investigations for their projects in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended through 2001. Since the Tarrant Regional Water District is the landowner and co-sponsor of the project, and a political subentity of the state of Texas, this project was also conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5040