Towards SVC-based adaptive streaming in information centric networks

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is becoming the de-facto standard for video streaming services. In HAS, each video is segmented and stored in different qualities. The client can dynamically select the most appropriate quality level to download, allowing it to adapt to varying network conditions. As the Internet was not designed to deliver such applications, optimal support for multimedia delivery is still missing. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a recently proposed disruptive architecture that could solve this issue, where the focus is given to the content rather than to end-to-end connectivity. Due to the bandwidth unpredictability typical of ICN, standard AVC-based HAS performs quality selection sub-optimally, thus leading to a poor Quality of Experience (QoE). In this article, we propose to overcome this inefficiency by using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) instead. We individuate the main advantages of SVC-based HAS over ICN and outline, both theoretically and via simulation, the research challenges to be addressed to optimize the delivered QoE

Fair-RTT-DAS: A robust and efficient dynamic adaptive streaming over ICN

To sustain the adequate bandwidth demands over rapidly growing multimedia traffic and considering the effectiveness of Information-Centric Networking (ICN), recently, HTTP based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH) has been introduced over ICN, which significantly increases the network bandwidth utilisation. However, we identified that the inherent features of ICN also causes new vulnerabilities in the network. In this paper, we first propose a novel attack called as Bitrate Oscillation Attack (BOA), which exploits fundamental ICN characteristics: in-network caching and interest aggregation, to disrupt DASH functionality. In particular, the proposed attack forces the bitrate and resolution of video received by the attacked client to oscillate with high frequency and high amplitude during the streaming process. To detect and mitigate BOA, we design and implement a reactive countermeasure called Fair-RTT-DAS. Our solution ensures efficient bandwidth utilisation and improves the user perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) in the presence of varying content source locations. For this purpose, Fair-RTT-DAS consider DASH\u2019s two significant features: round-trip-time (RTT) and throughput fairness. In the presence of BOA in a network, our simulation results show an increase in the annoyance factor in user\u2019s spatial dimension, i.e., increase in oscillation frequency and amplitude. The results also show that our countermeasure significantly alleviates these adverse effects and makes dynamic adaptive streaming friendly to ICN\u2019s implicit features

The Road Ahead for Networking: A Survey on ICN-IP Coexistence Solutions

In recent years, the current Internet has experienced an unexpected paradigm shift in the usage model, which has pushed researchers towards the design of the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm as a possible replacement of the existing architecture. Even though both Academia and Industry have investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of ICN, achieving the complete replacement of the Internet Protocol (IP) is a challenging task. Some research groups have already addressed the coexistence by designing their own architectures, but none of those is the final solution to move towards the future Internet considering the unaltered state of the networking. To design such architecture, the research community needs now a comprehensive overview of the existing solutions that have so far addressed the coexistence. The purpose of this paper is to reach this goal by providing the first comprehensive survey and classification of the coexistence architectures according to their features (i.e., deployment approach, deployment scenarios, addressed coexistence requirements and architecture or technology used) and evaluation parameters (i.e., challenges emerging during the deployment and the runtime behaviour of an architecture). We believe that this paper will finally fill the gap required for moving towards the design of the final coexistence architecture.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 3 table

Quality of experience-centric management of adaptive video streaming services : status and challenges

Video streaming applications currently dominate Internet traffic. Particularly, HTTP Adaptive Streaming ( HAS) has emerged as the dominant standard for streaming videos over the best-effort Internet, thanks to its capability of matching the video quality to the available network resources. In HAS, the video client is equipped with a heuristic that dynamically decides the most suitable quality to stream the content, based on information such as the perceived network bandwidth or the video player buffer status. The goal of this heuristic is to optimize the quality as perceived by the user, the so-called Quality of Experience (QoE). Despite the many advantages brought by the adaptive streaming principle, optimizing users' QoE is far from trivial. Current heuristics are still suboptimal when sudden bandwidth drops occur, especially in wireless environments, thus leading to freezes in the video playout, the main factor influencing users' QoE. This issue is aggravated in case of live events, where the player buffer has to be kept as small as possible in order to reduce the playout delay between the user and the live signal. In light of the above, in recent years, several works have been proposed with the aim of extending the classical purely client-based structure of adaptive video streaming, in order to fully optimize users' QoE. In this article, a survey is presented of research works on this topic together with a classification based on where the optimization takes place. This classification goes beyond client-based heuristics to investigate the usage of server-and network-assisted architectures and of new application and transport layer protocols. In addition, we outline the major challenges currently arising in the field of multimedia delivery, which are going to be of extreme relevance in future years

Performance evaluation of caching techniques for video on demand workload in named data network

The rapid growing use of the Internet in the contemporary context is mainly for content distribution. This is derived primarily due to the emergence of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) in the wider domains of academia and industry. Named Data Network (NDN) is one of ICN architectures. In addition, the NDN has been emphasized as the video traffic architecture that ensures smooth communication between the request and receiver of online video. The concise research problem of the current study is the issue of congestion in Video on Demand (VoD) workload caused by frequent storing of signed content object in the local repositories, which leads to buffering problems and data packet loss. The study will assess the NDN cache techniques to select the preferable cache replacement technique suitable for dealing with the congestion issues, and evaluate its performance. To do that, the current study adopts a research process based on the Design Research Methodology (DRM) and VoD approach in order to explain the main activities that produced an increase in the expected findings at the end of the activities or research. Datasets, as well as Internet2 network topology and the statistics of video views were gathered from the PPTV platform. Actually, a total of 221 servers is connected to the network from the same access points as in the real deployment of PPTV. In addition, an NS3 analysis the performance metrics of caching replacement technique (LRU, LFU, and FIFO) for VoD in Named Data Network (NDN) in terms of cache hit ratio, throughput, and server load results in reasonable outcomes that appears to serve as a potential replacement with the current implementation of the Internet2 topology, where nodes are distributed randomly. Based on the results, LFU technique gives the preferable result for congestion from among the presented techniques. Finally, the research finds that the performance metrics of cache hit ratio, throughput, and server load for the LFU that produces the lowest congestion rate which is sufficient. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the efficiency of the different replacement techniques needs to be well investigated in order to provide the insights necessary to implement these techniques in certain context. However, this result enriches the current understanding of replacement techniques in handling different cache sizes. After having addressed the different replacement techniques and examined their performances, the performance characteristics along with their expected performance were also found to stimulate a cache model for providing a relatively fast running time of across a broad range of embedded applications