207,854 research outputs found
Ethically Aligned Design: An empirical evaluation of the RESOLVEDD-strategy in Software and Systems development context
Use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human contexts calls for ethical
considerations for the design and development of AI-based systems. However,
little knowledge currently exists on how to provide useful and tangible tools
that could help software developers and designers implement ethical
considerations into practice. In this paper, we empirically evaluate a method
that enables ethically aligned design in a decision-making process. Though this
method, titled the RESOLVEDD-strategy, originates from the field of business
ethics, it is being applied in other fields as well. We tested the
RESOLVEDD-strategy in a multiple case study of five student projects where the
use of ethical tools was given as one of the design requirements. A key finding
from the study indicates that simply the presence of an ethical tool has an
effect on ethical consideration, creating more responsibility even in instances
where the use of the tool is not intrinsically motivated.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. The copyright holder's
version can be found at https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2019.0001
Keberkesanan carta pembelajaran Omygram terhadap tahap pencapaian pelajar PVMA dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggeris bagi topik plurals
Pembinaan bahan bantu belajar untuk tujuan PdPC sememangnya digalakkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia bagi meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangun dan mengenalpasti keberkesanan carta pembelajaran Omygram terhadap tahap pencapaian pelajar PVMA dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggeris bagi topik plurals. Kajian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimen yang melibatkan dua buah sekolah menengah harian di daerah Batu Pahat. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan ialah soalan ujian pra dan pasca, soal selidik dan senarai semak. Dapatan kajian telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistic Package For The Social Science Version 22.0 (SPSS). Analisis deskriptif dalam bentuk frekuensi, peratus, min dan sisihan piawai digunakan semasa penganalisaan data. Ujian-t pula digunakan untuk melihat perbezaan pencapaian antara ujian pra dengan ujian pasca bagi kumpulan rawatan dan kumpulan kawalan. Kumpulan rawatan diberi set soal selidik tentang motivasi pelajar selepas menggunakan carta pembelajaran Omygram dalam PdPC. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa, terdapat perbezaan pencapaian yang signifikan antara skor ujian pra dengan skor ujian pasca bagi kumpulan rawatan. Motivasi pelajar selepas menggunakan carta pembelajaran Omygram juga berada pada tahap tinggi
Counterfactual Causality from First Principles?
In this position paper we discuss three main shortcomings of existing
approaches to counterfactual causality from the computer science perspective,
and sketch lines of work to try and overcome these issues: (1) causality
definitions should be driven by a set of precisely specified requirements
rather than specific examples; (2) causality frameworks should support system
dynamics; (3) causality analysis should have a well-understood behavior in
presence of abstraction.Comment: In Proceedings CREST 2017, arXiv:1710.0277
Information Accountability Framework for a Trusted Health Care System
Trusted health care outcomes are patient centric. Requirements to ensure both the quality and sharing of patients’ health records are a key for better clinical decision making. In the context of maintaining quality health, the sharing of data and information between professionals and patients is paramount. This information sharing is a challenge and costly if patients’ trust and institutional accountability are not established. Establishment of an Information Accountability Framework (IAF) is one of the approaches in this paper. The concept behind the IAF requirements are: transparent responsibilities, relevance of the information being used, and the establishment and evidence of accountability that all lead to the desired outcome of a Trusted Health Care System. Upon completion of this IAF framework the trust component between the public and professionals will be constructed. Preservation of the confidentiality and integrity of patients’ information will lead to trusted health care outcomes
An overview on the development of internal control in public sector entities : evidence from Kosovo
Purpose: The development and implementation of Public Internal Financial Control (PIFC) in the management processes plays an important role in providing sound financial management, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector entities. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this paper we have analysed the annual reports on the functioning of the PIFC system in the public sector of Kosovo for the 2014 – 2017 period. The analysis has been completed even more, based on the annual reports of National Audit Office, progress reports published by the European Commission, showing the progress achieved under the EU directives as well as the data from the monitoring reports of SIGMA (Support for Improvement in Governance and Management). Findings: The findings show that the implementation of rules and procedures for internal control in budget organizations lags behind the development of the overall framework. Practical Implications: Continuous improvements in the field of Public Internal Financial Control are important steps in the process of European integration, while Kosovo has made considerable efforts to develop the control environment and implement the PIFC principles, particularly by establishing the appropriate legal, and institutional framework to support the PIFC system. Originality/Value: PIFC development is a continuous process and is part of the public administration reform, hence this paper contributes in identifying possible gaps and weaknesses in the system of internal control in Kosovo and provides recommendations for their improvement.peer-reviewe
Understanding and responding when things go wrong: key principles for primary care educators
Learning from events with unwanted outcomes is an important part of
workplace based education and providing evidence for medical appraisal
and revalidation. It has been suggested that adopting a ‘systems approach’
could enhance learning and effective change. We believe the following key
principles should be understood by all healthcare staff, especially those
with a role in developing and delivering educational content for safety and
improvement in primary care.
When things go wrong, professional accountability involves accepting there
has been a problem, apologising if necessary and committing to learn and
change. This is easier in a ‘Just Culture’ where wilful disregard of safe
practice is not tolerated but where decisions commensurate with training
and experience do not result in blame and punishment. People usually
attempt to achieve successful outcomes, but when things go wrong the
contribution of hindsight and attribution bias as well as a lack of
understanding of conditions and available information (local rationality) can
lead to inappropriately blame ‘human error’. System complexity makes
reduction into component parts difficult; thus attempting to ‘find-and-fix’
malfunctioning components may not always be a valid approach. Finally,
performance variability by staff is often needed to meet demands or cope
with resource constraints.
We believe understanding these core principles is a necessary precursor to
adopting a ‘systems approach’ that can increase learning and reduce the
damaging effects on morale when ‘human error’ is blamed. This may
result in ‘human error’ becoming the starting point of an investigation and
not the endpoint
Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS - a collection of Technical Notes Part 1
This report provides an introduction and overview of the Technical Topic Notes (TTNs) produced in the Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS (Tigars) project. These notes aim to support the development and evaluation of autonomous vehicles. Part 1 addresses: Assurance-overview and issues, Resilience and Safety Requirements, Open Systems Perspective and Formal Verification and Static Analysis of ML Systems. Part 2: Simulation and Dynamic Testing, Defence in Depth and Diversity, Security-Informed Safety Analysis, Standards and Guidelines
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