38,201 research outputs found
A Comparison of Visualisation Methods for Disambiguating Verbal Requests in Human-Robot Interaction
Picking up objects requested by a human user is a common task in human-robot
interaction. When multiple objects match the user's verbal description, the
robot needs to clarify which object the user is referring to before executing
the action. Previous research has focused on perceiving user's multimodal
behaviour to complement verbal commands or minimising the number of follow up
questions to reduce task time. In this paper, we propose a system for reference
disambiguation based on visualisation and compare three methods to disambiguate
natural language instructions. In a controlled experiment with a YuMi robot, we
investigated real-time augmentations of the workspace in three conditions --
mixed reality, augmented reality, and a monitor as the baseline -- using
objective measures such as time and accuracy, and subjective measures like
engagement, immersion, and display interference. Significant differences were
found in accuracy and engagement between the conditions, but no differences
were found in task time. Despite the higher error rates in the mixed reality
condition, participants found that modality more engaging than the other two,
but overall showed preference for the augmented reality condition over the
monitor and mixed reality conditions
In-home and remote use of robotic body surrogates by people with profound motor deficits
By controlling robots comparable to the human body, people with profound
motor deficits could potentially perform a variety of physical tasks for
themselves, improving their quality of life. The extent to which this is
achievable has been unclear due to the lack of suitable interfaces by which to
control robotic body surrogates and a dearth of studies involving substantial
numbers of people with profound motor deficits. We developed a novel, web-based
augmented reality interface that enables people with profound motor deficits to
remotely control a PR2 mobile manipulator from Willow Garage, which is a
human-scale, wheeled robot with two arms. We then conducted two studies to
investigate the use of robotic body surrogates. In the first study, 15 novice
users with profound motor deficits from across the United States controlled a
PR2 in Atlanta, GA to perform a modified Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and a
simulated self-care task. Participants achieved clinically meaningful
improvements on the ARAT and 12 of 15 participants (80%) successfully completed
the simulated self-care task. Participants agreed that the robotic system was
easy to use, was useful, and would provide a meaningful improvement in their
lives. In the second study, one expert user with profound motor deficits had
free use of a PR2 in his home for seven days. He performed a variety of
self-care and household tasks, and also used the robot in novel ways. Taking
both studies together, our results suggest that people with profound motor
deficits can improve their quality of life using robotic body surrogates, and
that they can gain benefit with only low-level robot autonomy and without
invasive interfaces. However, methods to reduce the rate of errors and increase
operational speed merit further investigation.Comment: 43 Pages, 13 Figure
Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to Understand Aviation Students’ Perceptions toward Augmented Reality Maintenance Training Instruction
Augmented Reality (AR) Technology, since its inception, has been enhanced significantly by software and hardware developers, and has been widely utilized in various fields such as manufacturing, entertainment, architecture, commerce and education. In recent years, maintenance instructions developed on the basis of AR technology have demonstrated their potential to positively impact maintenance training and technical tasks in aviation. Features of AR maintenance instructions include interactive content, user-friendly operation interface, enhanced visualization and real-time data feeds. The researchers conducted a case study of forty-one aviation maintenance students at a Midwestern university. The purpose of this study was twofold: to evaluate the Technology Acceptance Model as a valid framework for assessing AR implementation in aviation maintenance training; and to evaluate students’ acceptance of AR instructions in aviation maintenance training. On one hand, The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can help identify and prove the relationships among variables affecting aviation students’ perceptions and future use of AR instructions, including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, and intention to use. On the other hand, the results may help establish an initial benchmark for aviation students’ acceptance of AR instructions in a maintenance training setting
Augmented reality in support of intelligent manufacturing – A systematic literature review
Industry increasingly moves towards digitally enabled ‘smart factories’ that utilise the internet of things (IoT) to realise intelligent manufacturing concepts like predictive maintenance or extensive machine to machine communication. A core technology to facilitate human integration in such a system is augmented reality (AR), which provides people with an interface to interact with the digital world of a smart factory. While AR is not ready yet for industrial deployment in some areas, it is already used in others. To provide an overview of research activities concerning AR in certain shop floor operations, a total of 96 relevant papers from 2011 to 2018 are reviewed. This paper presents the state of the art, the current challenges, and future directions of manufacturing related AR research through a systematic literature review and a citation network analysis. The results of this review indicate that the context of research concerning AR gets increasingly broader, especially by addressing challenges when implementing AR solutions.No funding was received
Use of Augmented Reality in Human Wayfinding: A Systematic Review
Augmented reality technology has emerged as a promising solution to assist
with wayfinding difficulties, bridging the gap between obtaining navigational
assistance and maintaining an awareness of one's real-world surroundings. This
article presents a systematic review of research literature related to AR
navigation technologies. An in-depth analysis of 65 salient studies was
conducted, addressing four main research topics: 1) current state-of-the-art of
AR navigational assistance technologies, 2) user experiences with these
technologies, 3) the effect of AR on human wayfinding performance, and 4)
impacts of AR on human navigational cognition. Notably, studies demonstrate
that AR can decrease cognitive load and improve cognitive map development, in
contrast to traditional guidance modalities. However, findings regarding
wayfinding performance and user experience were mixed. Some studies suggest
little impact of AR on improving outdoor navigational performance, and certain
information modalities may be distracting and ineffective. This article
discusses these nuances in detail, supporting the conclusion that AR holds
great potential in enhancing wayfinding by providing enriched navigational
cues, interactive experiences, and improved situational awareness.Comment: 52 page
A Framework for Mobile Augmented Reality in Urban Maintenance
Mobile handheld devices such as smartphones have become increasingly powerful in
modern times. Because of this, there has been a surge in 3D graphics-heavy mobile
applications that aim to provide immersive experiences. An example of this phenomenon
would be Augmented Reality (AR) applications, which have been increasingly popular
and offer a wide array of use-cases. The ability to merge the real world with the virtual
world seamlessly using the built-in camera of the smartphone brings a whole new world
of possibilities, which makes it interesting to explore how such a technology could be
used to solve real-world problems.
This dissertation focuses on applying this technology in the field of urban maintenance.
To do so, a mobile AR application was developed, designed to be used by urban
maintenance workers as a field-assistance tool. Using any standard smartphone camera,
the developed system can accurately detect any equipment and augment it with relevant
information and step-by-step instructions on how to do any required maintenance jobs.
Alongside this mobile application, a desktop application was also developed with the
purposes of creating and authoring the data and augmentations that should be displayed
during a given job, called Archer. Lastly, this dissertation proposes a novel approach
to automatically detect and minimize the amount of points (checkpoints) at which the
application will ask the user to perform a new equipment recognition, which are useful
in order to maintain tracking stability as the user modifies the real-world object during
the course of the job.
The experiments and user tests conducted during the final stages of this dissertation
demonstrate the accuracy and practicality of the developed systems, proving that they
can effectively be used to greatly improve the workflow of urban maintenance workers.Dispositivos móveis tais como os smartphones têm-se tornado cada vez mais poderosos
nos tempos modernos. Como tal, tem havido um grande aumento na quantidade de
aplicações móveis 3D com o intuito de fornecer experiências imersivas. Um exemplo
desse fenómeno são as aplicações de Realidade Aumentada (RA), as quais se têm tornado
cada vez mais populares, oferecendo um vasto leque de casos de uso. A habilidade de
fundir o mundo real com o mundo virtual através da câmara de um smartphone traz todo
um novo mundo de possibilidades, o que torna interessante a exploração de como esta
tecnologia pode ser usada para resolver problemas no mundo real.
Esta dissertação foca-se na aplicação desta tecnologia na área da manutenção urbana.
Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação móvel de RA projetada para ser usada
como uma ferramenta de assistência em campo por trabalhadores de manutenção urbana.
Usando qualquer câmara de smartphone, este sistema consegue detetar qualquer equipamento
de forma precisa e aumentá-lo digitalmente com informação relevante e instruções
passo-a-passo de como fazer qualquer trabalho de manutenção. Juntamente com esta aplicação
móvel, também foi desenvolvida uma aplicação para desktop — chamada Archer
— com o intuito de criar e validar os dados e os objetos digitais que serão apresentados
na aplicação mobile durante o curso de um trabalho de manutenção. Por fim, esta dissertação
apresenta uma nova solução para a deteção e minimização automática dos pontos
(checkpoints) em que a aplicação móvel deverá pedir ao utilizador para efetuar um novo
reconhecimento do equipamento, os quais são úteis para manter um tracking fiável e
estável à medida que o utilizador vai modificando o equipamento durante um trabalho.
As experiências e testes com utilizadores efetuados na fase final desta dissertação
demonstram a precisão e praticidade dos sistemas desenvolvidos, provando que estes podem
efetivamente ser usados para melhorar o workflow dos trabalhadores de manutenção
urbana
Augmented reality in support of Industry 4.0—Implementation challenges and success factors
Industrial augmented reality (AR) is an integral part of Industry 4.0 concepts, as it enables workers to access digital information and overlay that information with the physical world. While not being broadly adopted in some applications, the compound annual growth rate of the industrial AR market is projected to grow rapidly. Hence, it is important to understand the issues arising from implementation of AR in industry. This study identifies critical success factors and challenges for industrial AR implementation projects, based on an industry survey. The broadly used technology, organisation, environment (TOE) framework is used as a theoretical basis for the quantitative part of the questionnaire. A complementary qualitative part is used to underpin and extend the findings. It is found that, while technological aspects are of importance, organisational issues are more relevant for industry, which has not been reflected to the same extent in literature.University of Cambridg
The threshold of the real: A site for participatory resistance in Blast Theory's Uncle Roy all around you (2003)
This article examines the collision of virtual and real spaces through simultaneous live and online play in Uncle Roy All Around You, and how this disruption of immersion is used to expose the habitual engagements associated with the digital interface. The nature of the participants' immersion and the subsequent reintegration into the real will be explored, before attempting to articulate what defines this piece as politically resistant, through discussion of a self reflexive participation, which undermines what Baudrillard terms the 'simulated response' (Baudrillard 1985/1988 p.216
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