14,565 research outputs found
Accelerating random walks by disorder
We investigate the dynamic impact of heterogeneous environments on
superdiffusive random walks known as L\'evy flights. We devote particular
attention to the relative weight of source and target locations on the rates
for spatial displacements of the random walk. Unlike ordinary random walks
which are slowed down for all values of the relative weight of source and
target, non-local superdiffusive processes show distinct regimes of attenuation
and acceleration for increased source and target weight, respectively.
Consequently, spatial inhomogeneities can facilitate the spread of
superdiffusive processes, in contrast to common belief that external disorder
generally slows down stochastic processes. Our results are based on a novel
type of fractional Fokker-Planck equation which we investigate numerically and
by perturbation theory for weak disorder.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Accelerating Abelian Random Walks with Hyperbolic Dynamics
Given integers , we consider affine random walks on torii
defined as , where is an invertible matrix with
integer entries and is a sequence of iid random increments
on . We show that when has no eigenvalues of modulus ,
this random walk mixes in steps as , and mixes actually in steps only for almost all . These
results generalize those on the so-called Chung-Diaconis-Graham process, which
corresponds to the case . Our proof is based on the initial arguments of
Chung, Diaconis and Graham, and relies extensively on the properties of the
dynamical system on the continuous torus . Having no eigenvalue of modulus one makes this dynamical
system a hyperbolic toral automorphism, a typical example of a chaotic system
known to have a rich behaviour. As such our proof sheds new light on the
speed-up gained by applying a deterministic map to a Markov chain.Comment: 26 page
Generalized (c,d)-entropy and aging random walks
Complex systems are often inherently non-ergodic and non-Markovian for which
Shannon entropy loses its applicability. In particular accelerating,
path-dependent, and aging random walks offer an intuitive picture for these
non-ergodic and non-Markovian systems. It was shown that the entropy of
non-ergodic systems can still be derived from three of the Shannon-Khinchin
axioms, and by violating the fourth -- the so-called composition axiom. The
corresponding entropy is of the form and depends on two system-specific scaling exponents, and . This
entropy contains many recently proposed entropy functionals as special cases,
including Shannon and Tsallis entropy. It was shown that this entropy is
relevant for a special class of non-Markovian random walks. In this work we
generalize these walks to a much wider class of stochastic systems that can be
characterized as `aging' systems. These are systems whose transition rates
between states are path- and time-dependent. We show that for particular aging
walks is again the correct extensive entropy. Before the central part
of the paper we review the concept of -entropy in a self-contained way.Comment: 8 pages, 5 eps figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap
with arXiv:1104.207
Accelerating Distributed Stochastic Optimization via Self-Repellent Random Walks
We study a family of distributed stochastic optimization algorithms where
gradients are sampled by a token traversing a network of agents in random-walk
fashion. Typically, these random-walks are chosen to be Markov chains that
asymptotically sample from a desired target distribution, and play a critical
role in the convergence of the optimization iterates. In this paper, we take a
novel approach by replacing the standard linear Markovian token by one which
follows a nonlinear Markov chain - namely the Self-Repellent Radom Walk (SRRW).
Defined for any given 'base' Markov chain, the SRRW, parameterized by a
positive scalar {\alpha}, is less likely to transition to states that were
highly visited in the past, thus the name. In the context of MCMC sampling on a
graph, a recent breakthrough in Doshi et al. (2023) shows that the SRRW
achieves O(1/{\alpha}) decrease in the asymptotic variance for sampling. We
propose the use of a 'generalized' version of the SRRW to drive token
algorithms for distributed stochastic optimization in the form of stochastic
approximation, termed SA-SRRW. We prove that the optimization iterate errors of
the resulting SA-SRRW converge to zero almost surely and prove a central limit
theorem, deriving the explicit form of the resulting asymptotic covariance
matrix corresponding to iterate errors. This asymptotic covariance is always
smaller than that of an algorithm driven by the base Markov chain and decreases
at rate O(1/{\alpha}^2) - the performance benefit of using SRRW thereby
amplified in the stochastic optimization context. Empirical results support our
theoretical findings.Comment: Accepted for oral presentation at the Twelfth International
Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2024
Retarding Sub- and Accelerating Super-Diffusion Governed by Distributed Order Fractional Diffusion Equations
We propose diffusion-like equations with time and space fractional
derivatives of the distributed order for the kinetic description of anomalous
diffusion and relaxation phenomena, whose diffusion exponent varies with time
and which, correspondingly, can not be viewed as self-affine random processes
possessing a unique Hurst exponent. We prove the positivity of the solutions of
the proposed equations and establish the relation to the Continuous Time Random
Walk theory. We show that the distributed order time fractional diffusion
equation describes the sub-diffusion random process which is subordinated to
the Wiener process and whose diffusion exponent diminishes in time (retarding
sub-diffusion) leading to superslow diffusion, for which the square
displacement grows logarithmically in time. We also demonstrate that the
distributed order space fractional diffusion equation describes super-diffusion
phenomena when the diffusion exponent grows in time (accelerating
super-diffusion).Comment: 11 pages, LaTe
Continuous time random walk, Mittag-Leffler waiting time and fractional diffusion: mathematical aspects
We show the asymptotic long-time equivalence of a generic power law waiting
time distribution to the Mittag-Leffler waiting time distribution,
characteristic for a time fractional CTRW. This asymptotic equivalence is
effected by a combination of "rescaling" time and "respeeding" the relevant
renewal process followed by a passage to a limit for which we need a suitable
relation between the parameters of rescaling and respeeding. Turning our
attention to spatially 1-D CTRWs with a generic power law jump distribution,
"rescaling" space can be interpreted as a second kind of "respeeding" which
then, again under a proper relation between the relevant parameters leads in
the limit to the space-time fractional diffusion equation. Finally, we treat
the `time fractional drift" process as a properly scaled limit of the counting
number of a Mittag-Leffler renewal process.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figures (5 files eps). Invited lecture by R. Gorenflo at
the 373. WE-Heraeus-Seminar on Anomalous Transport: Experimental Results and
Theoretical Challenges, Physikzentrum Bad-Honnef (Germany), 12-16 July 2006;
Chairmen: R. Klages, G. Radons and I.M. Sokolo
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