12,537 research outputs found
Bootstrap Robust Prescriptive Analytics
We address the problem of prescribing an optimal decision in a framework
where its cost depends on uncertain problem parameters that need to be
learned from data. Earlier work by Bertsimas and Kallus (2014) transforms
classical machine learning methods that merely predict from supervised
training data into prescriptive methods
taking optimal decisions specific to a particular covariate context .
Their prescriptive methods factor in additional observed contextual information
on a potentially large number of covariates to take context specific
actions which are superior to any static decision . Any naive
use of limited training data may, however, lead to gullible decisions
over-calibrated to one particular data set. In this paper, we borrow ideas from
distributionally robust optimization and the statistical bootstrap of Efron
(1982) to propose two novel prescriptive methods based on (nw) Nadaraya-Watson
and (nn) nearest-neighbors learning which safeguard against overfitting and
lead to improved out-of-sample performance. Both resulting robust prescriptive
methods reduce to tractable convex optimization problems and enjoy a limited
disappointment on bootstrap data. We illustrate the data-driven decision-making
framework and our novel robustness notion on a small news vendor problem as
well as a small portfolio allocation problem
Context-based Pseudonym Changing Scheme for Vehicular Adhoc Networks
Vehicular adhoc networks allow vehicles to share their information for safety
and traffic efficiency. However, sharing information may threaten the driver
privacy because it includes spatiotemporal information and is broadcast
publicly and periodically. In this paper, we propose a context-adaptive
pseudonym changing scheme which lets a vehicle decide autonomously when to
change its pseudonym and how long it should remain silent to ensure
unlinkability. This scheme adapts dynamically based on the density of the
surrounding traffic and the user privacy preferences. We employ a multi-target
tracking algorithm to measure privacy in terms of traceability in realistic
vehicle traces. We use Monte Carlo analysis to estimate the quality of service
(QoS) of a forward collision warning application when vehicles apply this
scheme. According to the experimental results, the proposed scheme provides a
better compromise between traceability and QoS than a random silent period
scheme.Comment: Extended version of a previous paper "K. Emara, W. Woerndl, and J.
Schlichter, "Poster: Context-Adaptive User-Centric Privacy Scheme for VANET,"
in Proceedings of the 11th EAI International Conference on Security and
Privacy in Communication Networks, SecureComm'15. Dallas, TX, USA: Springer,
June 2015.
The Visual Social Distancing Problem
One of the main and most effective measures to contain the recent viral
outbreak is the maintenance of the so-called Social Distancing (SD). To comply
with this constraint, workplaces, public institutions, transports and schools
will likely adopt restrictions over the minimum inter-personal distance between
people. Given this actual scenario, it is crucial to massively measure the
compliance to such physical constraint in our life, in order to figure out the
reasons of the possible breaks of such distance limitations, and understand if
this implies a possible threat given the scene context. All of this, complying
with privacy policies and making the measurement acceptable. To this end, we
introduce the Visual Social Distancing (VSD) problem, defined as the automatic
estimation of the inter-personal distance from an image, and the
characterization of the related people aggregations. VSD is pivotal for a
non-invasive analysis to whether people comply with the SD restriction, and to
provide statistics about the level of safety of specific areas whenever this
constraint is violated. We then discuss how VSD relates with previous
literature in Social Signal Processing and indicate which existing Computer
Vision methods can be used to manage such problem. We conclude with future
challenges related to the effectiveness of VSD systems, ethical implications
and future application scenarios.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. All the authors equally contributed to this
manuscript and they are listed by alphabetical order. Under submissio
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