A New Rational Algorithm for View Updating in Relational Databases

The dynamics of belief and knowledge is one of the major components of any autonomous system that should be able to incorporate new pieces of information. In order to apply the rationality result of belief dynamics theory to various practical problems, it should be generalized in two respects: first it should allow a certain part of belief to be declared as immutable; and second, the belief state need not be deductively closed. Such a generalization of belief dynamics, referred to as base dynamics, is presented in this paper, along with the concept of a generalized revision algorithm for knowledge bases (Horn or Horn logic with stratified negation). We show that knowledge base dynamics has an interesting connection with kernel change via hitting set and abduction. In this paper, we show how techniques from disjunctive logic programming can be used for efficient (deductive) database updates. The key idea is to transform the given database together with the update request into a disjunctive (datalog) logic program and apply disjunctive techniques (such as minimal model reasoning) to solve the original update problem. The approach extends and integrates standard techniques for efficient query answering and integrity checking. The generation of a hitting set is carried out through a hyper tableaux calculus and magic set that is focused on the goal of minimality.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1301.515

Lemmas: Generation, Selection, Application

Noting that lemmas are a key feature of mathematics, we engage in an investigation of the role of lemmas in automated theorem proving. The paper describes experiments with a combined system involving learning technology that generates useful lemmas for automated theorem provers, demonstrating improvement for several representative systems and solving a hard problem not solved by any system for twenty years. By focusing on condensed detachment problems we simplify the setting considerably, allowing us to get at the essence of lemmas and their role in proof search

Automated Reasoning

This volume, LNAI 13385, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning, IJCAR 2022, held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 32 full research papers and 9 short papers presented together with two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Satisfiability, SMT Solving,Arithmetic; Calculi and Orderings; Knowledge Representation and Jutsification; Choices, Invariance, Substitutions and Formalization; Modal Logics; Proofs System and Proofs Search; Evolution, Termination and Decision Prolems. This is an open access book

19th Brazilian Logic Conference: Book of Abstracts

This is the book of abstracts of the 19th Brazilian Logic Conferences. The Brazilian Logic Conferences (EBL) is one of the most traditional logic conferences in South America. Organized by the Brazilian Logic Society (SBL), its main goal is to promote the dissemination of research in logic in a broad sense. It has been occurring since 1979, congregating logicians of different fields — mostly philosophy, mathematics and computer science — and with different backgrounds — from undergraduate students to senior researchers. The meeting is an important moment for the Brazilian and South American logical community to join together and discuss recent developments of the field. The areas of logic covered in the conference spread over foundations and philosophy of science, analytic philosophy, philosophy and history of logic, mathematics, computer science, informatics, linguistics and artificial intelligence. Previous editions of the EBL have been a great success, attracting researchers from all over Latin America and elsewhere. The 19th edition of EBL takes place from May 6-10, 2019, in the beautiful city of João Pessoa, at the northeast coast of Brazil. It is conjointly organized by Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), whose main campus is located in João Pessoa, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), whose main campus is located in the nearby city of Campina Grande (the second-largest city in Paraíba state) and SBL. It is sponsored by UFPB, UFCG, the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the State Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba. It takes place at Hotel Luxxor Nord Tambaú, privileged located right in front Tambaú beach, one of João Pessoa’s most famous beaches

Design d'un manipulateur robotique à architecture anthropomorphique

RÉSUMÉ Les robots à architecture anthropomorphique, c’est-à-dire inspirée des mécanismes du corps humain, sont des outils qui pourraient être d’une grande utilité dans le domaine de la robotique de réadaptation et d’assistance étant donné l’aspect intuitif, relativement à leur fonctionnement et leur comportement, que leur apporte leur forme familière. Toutefois, les robots anthropomorphiques actuellement existants sont généralement développés dans le cadre d’applications particulières et ne sont par conséquent pas appropriés pour un transfert vers le domaine de la robotique d’assistance et de réadaptation. Par conséquent, il n’existe pas de plateforme de développement robotique permettant le développement d’applications mettant à profit au maximum une architecture biomimétique pour des usagers sans formation en robotique comme les cliniciens en réadaptation et les bénéficiaires de robots d’assistance. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce mémoire est de concevoir une plateforme robotique à architecture anthropomorphique suivant le plus fidèlement possible l’architecture du bras humain pour maximiser l’apport intuitif de la forme familière de l’appareil pour son fonctionnement et son interaction avec son environnement. Particulièrement, un effort est appliqué pour inclure dans le mécanisme la structure à deux os de l’avant-bras afin de rendre possible une reproduction réaliste du mouvement de pronation-supination du bras, le mouvement le plus complexe du membre supérieur puisqu'il implique une boucle cinématique fermée et de nombreux joints passifs. En premier lieu, un modèle biomécanique du membre supérieur a été choisi pour répondre à la problématique, puis ses caractéristiques principales ont été spécifiées. La chaîne cinématique du modèle biomécanique a par la suite été traduite en chaîne cinématique pour un robot, en s’assurant que chacun des sous-mécanismes reproduise bien les caractéristiques soulignées du modèle. Ces mécanismes ont permis de faire les plans entier du manipulateur robotique à l’aide d’un logiciel de dessin assisté par ordinateur. Afin de choisir les actionneurs nécessaires au fonctionnement du robot, une simulation de suivi de trajectoire avec contrôle par couple pré-calculé a été élaborée. Les modèles cinématiques et dynamiques du bras, étant nécessaires à la simulation, ont été développés. Enfin, un prototype de la plateforme a été conçu par impression 3D. En comparant les plages angulaires accessibles aux différents joints du mécanisme à celles des joints du modèle biomécanique, il a été déterminé que le bras pourrait reproduire toute la gamme des mouvements humains pour laquelle la position de l’épaule est près de la position de repos.----------ABSTRACT Bio-inspired robots, more specifically, anthropomorphic robots, would be very suitable tools for assistance and rehabilitation robotics because they are, by design, very familiar and intuitive-looking both visually and in their behavior, which is ideal in a field where most users, such as patients and clinicians, do not possess an advanced knowledge of robotics. However, previously developed anthropomorphic robots are not well-suited for a direct use in such applications since they were generally designed for other industrial applications which makes them cumbersome and complex to use. It is not ideal for use in assistance robotics. Moreover, none of them actually correctly mimics the two-bones structure of the arm-forearm complex of the human arm and thus the designs are not biofidelic. Therefore, there is currently no robotic development platform dedicated to anthropomorphic robotics for the field of rehabilitation and assistance. Given this context, the objective of this study is to design the first robotic development platform with an anthropomorphic architecture which reproduces as best as possible the biomechanics of the human upper-limb for intuitive control and interaction. Specifically, the mechanism of the robotic arm will include the two-bones structure of the forearm for an accurate replication of the motion of pronation-supination, which is the most intricate motion of the arm. First, a biomechanical model of the upper-limb was chosen to fit the objective of the project and its key characteristics were analysed. This model was then translated into a robotic kinematic chain whose sub-mechanisms mimic the highlighted characteristics of the biomechanical model. The designed mechanisms were then included in a complete computer-assisted drawing of the robot. The choice of actuators on the robot was made based on the results of a path-following by computed-torque simulation of the robot, which required the kinematic and dynamic models of the robot to be developed. Finally, a physical prototype of the robot was built using rapid prototyping. Comparing the range of motion of each of its actuators, it appeared that the robot arm should be able to imitate accurately any human motion of the arm for which the shoulder is close to its resting position. Applications and research in rehabilitation and assistance robotics where accurate reproduction of the human motion of the arm is necessary. For example, determining the mathematical optimization criterion for humanlike path-planning can now be performed with the designed robot

Proof-theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic

This work is the first exploration of proof-theoretic semantics for a substructural logic. It focuses on the base-extension semantics (B-eS) for intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic (IMLL). The starting point is a review of Sandqvist’s B-eS for intuitionistic propositional logic (IPL), for which we propose an alternative treatment of conjunction that takes the form of the generalized elimination rule for the connective. The resulting semantics is shown to be sound and complete. This motivates our main contribution, a B-eS for IMLL , in which the definitions of the logical constants all take the form of their elimination rule and for which soundness and completeness are established

Pseudo-contractions as Gentle Repairs

Updating a knowledge base to remove an unwanted consequence is a challenging task. Some of the original sentences must be either deleted or weakened in such a way that the sentence to be removed is no longer entailed by the resulting set. On the other hand, it is desirable that the existing knowledge be preserved as much as possible, minimising the loss of information. Several approaches to this problem can be found in the literature. In particular, when the knowledge is represented by an ontology, two different families of frameworks have been developed in the literature in the past decades with numerous ideas in common but with little interaction between the communities: applications of AGM-like Belief Change and justification-based Ontology Repair. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between pseudo-contraction operations and gentle repairs. Both aim to avoid the complete deletion of sentences when replacing them with weaker versions is enough to prevent the entailment of the unwanted formula. We show the correspondence between concepts on both sides and investigate under which conditions they are equivalent. Furthermore, we propose a unified notation for the two approaches, which might contribute to the integration of the two areas