Discussion of the technology and research in fuel injectors common rail system

Common rail is one of the most important components in a diesel and gasoline direct injection system. It features a high-pressure (100 bar) fuel rail feeding solenoid valves, as opposed to a low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors. Third-generation common rail diesels now feature piezoelectric injectors for increased precision, with fuel pressures up to 2,500 bar. The purpose of this review paper is to investigate the technology and research in fuel injectors common rail system. This review paper focuses on component of common rail injection system, pioneer of common rail injection, characteristics of common rail injection system, method to reduce smoke and NOx emission simultaneously and impact of common rail injection system. Based on our research, it can be concluded that common rail injection gives many benefit such as good for the engine performance, safe to use, and for to reduce the emission of the vehicle. Fuel injection common rail system is the modern technology that must be developed. Nowadays, our earth is polluting by vehicle output such as smoke. If the common rail system is developed, it can reduce the pollution and keep our atmosphere clean and safe

Power Quality Enhancement in Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery System based on three–Level Inverter associated with DC bus Voltage Control

This modest paper presents a study on the energy quality produced by a hybrid system consisting of a Photovoltaic (PV) power source connected to a battery. A three-level inverter was used in the system studied for the purpose of improving the quality of energy injected into the grid and decreasing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used for the purpose of ensuring optimal production of photovoltaic energy. In addition, another FLC controller is used to ensure DC bus stabilization. The considered system was implemented in the Matlab /SimPowerSystems environment. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed inverter at three levels in improving the quality of energy injected from the system into the grid.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Design and Implementation of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Tracking Control for a DC-DC Buck Converter

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller for a DC-DC buck converter using Arduino board. The proposed fuzzy controller is able to pilot the states of the buck converter to track a reference model. The T-S fuzzy model is employed, firstly, to represent exactly the dynamics of the nonlinear buck converter system, and then the considered controller is designed on the basis of a concept called Virtual Desired Variables (VDVs). In this case, a two-stage design procedure is developed: i) determine the reference model according to the desired output voltage, ii) determine the fuzzy controller gains by solving a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). A digital implementation of the proposed T-S fuzzy controller is carried out using the ATmega328P-based Microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme

Earmuffs

Earmuffs are objects designed to cover a person's ears for hearing protection when doing the harsh work field or for warmth on the cool environment . They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band, that fits over the top or back of the head, and a cushion or cup at each end, to cover the external ears

A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based Adaptive Supertwisting Sliding Mode Control Algorithm for Dynamic Uncertain Systems

This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based Adaptive Super-twisting Sliding Mode Controller for the control of dynamic uncertain systems. The proposed controller combines the advantages of Second order Sliding Mode Control, Fuzzy Logic Control and Adaptive Control. The reaching conditions, stability and robustness of the system with the proposed controller are guaranteed. In addition, the proposed controller is well suited for simple design and implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller over the first order Sliding Mode Fuzzy Logic controller is illustrated by Matlab based simulations performed on a DC-DC Buck converter. Based on this comparison, the proposed controller is shown to obtain the desired transient response without causing chattering and error under steady-state conditions. The proposed controller is able to give robust performance in terms of rejection to input voltage variations and load variations.Comment: 14 page

Applications of the Fuzzy Logic to the Energy Conversion Systems on Board of UAVs

This chapter intends to present some applications of the fuzzy controllers to the automatic control of the DC-to-DC converters type boost, buck and buck-boost. For the mathematical modelling of these converters, one used averaged models; taking into account that controlled parameter is the average output voltage. One considered only the continuous conduction mode in the mathematical model. For each converter, one makes a short description of the principal scheme and the functioning mode and presents the averaged model. One obtains the transfer functions and finally builds fuzzy controllers in order to stabilize the output voltage with respect to the input voltage variations. The control is realized by modifying the duty cycle of the PWM command pulses. Obtained systems, both in closed loop and in open loop, are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations results are also presented

Alternative fuel from vegetable oils and animal fats

This study investigated the properties of processing vegetable and animal fat to be used as alternative fuel. The vegetable oil processing industry comprises the abstraction and treating of oils and fats from vegetable sources. Vegetable oils and fats are principally used for human consumption but are also used in animal feed, for medicinal purposes, and certain technical applications. In contrast triglycerides, vegetable waxes lack glycerin in their structure. Although many plant parts may yield oil, in commercial practice, oil is extracted primarily from seeds, for many developing countries, the concept of employing vegetable oils as sources for diesel fuels can be attractive. Often the culture of the appropriate plant is well established, the oil extraction well developed, and handling and storage well defined. Yields per hectare of tropical crops such as palm and coconut oils far exceed the yields of vegetable oils in temperate zones. Also, the production of most tropical vegetable oils has positive energy. A rendering process is performed to remove excess fat from animal carcasses and then turned into oil. Thus, to obtain refined oil, there is process from crude palm oil that involves removal of the products of hydrolysis and oxidation or abstraction process of oil from the palm kernels. After refining, the oil may be split (fractionated) into liquid and solid phases by thermo-mechanical means such as controlled cooling, crystallization, and filtering, the later oil is competing successfully with the more expensive groundnut, corn, and sunflower oils

Circuit Simulation for Solar Power Maximum Power Point Tracking with Different Buck-Boost Converter Topologies

[[sponsorship]]MDPI[[conferencetype]]國際[[booktype]]電子版[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]http://sciforum.net/conference/ece-

Study of a High-Efficient Wide-Bandgap DC-DC Power Converter for Solar Power Integration

This research focuses on the design and analysis of a Boost cascaded Buck-Boost (BoCBB) power converter with super high efficiency in electric power conversion. The BoCBB power converter is based on emerging wide-bandgap silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and Schottky diodes, which have only 1/6 times of power loss in traditional silicon power semiconductor devices. The BoCBB power converter can be widely applied in solar harvesting for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), military bases and electric utilities, as well as high-power DC motor drives for the electric vehicles, robotics, and manufacturing and product lines. This research analyzed the topology and energy efficiency of a 3-kW BoCBB power converter. The energy efficiency of the SiC-based BoCBB power converter was calculated under various switching frequencies (20-kHz – 100-kHz) and was first tested by a simulation study of solar power integration in a 400-Vdc distribution microgrid in Matlab/Simulink environment. The design of 50-kHz in switching frequency revealed to be optimal in overall system performance. This conclusion was further verified by experimental tests. The experimental tests demonstrated a high efficiency of above 97% in power conversion. In order to improve the power quality of the BoCBB power converter for time-varying solar radiation, a novel sliding-window-combined (SWC) hysteresis control technique was proposed and preliminarily verified by a simulation study to enhance transients of a power grid

The effect of sintering temperature on silica derived from rice husk ash - Nickel Oxide (SiO 2 -NiO) foam fabrication via slurry technique

Fabrication of ceramic foam has been an interesting study in the field of a porous material due to the excellent mechanical and physical properties. This study presents an approach for the fabrication of Silica (SiO2) derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and Nickel Oxide (NiO) foams using the slurry technique, highlighting the sintering temperature affects. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as binder and Polyurethane (PU) foam was applied as the space holder. The composition of SiO2 applied in this study was 20wt%. The PU foams dipped into SiO2-NiO slurry were dried and further sintered at three different sintering temperatures of 1050˚C, 1150˚C and 1250˚C. The morphologies of SiO2-NiO foams were observed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical properties were determined by using Archimedes method for investigating the total porosity and bulk density. The identification of phases of SiO2-NiO foams were analysed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD analyses indicated that there were only SiO2 and NiO present and no additional phases detected after sintering which implied the compatibility of SiO2 derived from RHA and NiO even temperatures up to 1250˚C. The density values of the SiO2-NiO foams were found to increase with increasing of sintering temperature. The densities were found to be in the range 0.5239g/cm³ to 0.6210g/cm3 and the percentage of the foams porosity were in the range of 69.71% to 75.19% .Thus it is concluded that the slurry technique is found to be successful to fabricate the SiO2 as derived from RHA and NiO foams. The sintering temperatures was found to affect the SiO2-NiO foams in turns of the density and porosity of the foam