70,055 research outputs found
Security-sensitive tackling of obstructed workflow executions
Imposing access control onto workflows considerably reduces the set of users authorized to execute the workflow tasks. Further constraints (e.g. Separation of Duties) as well as unexpected unavailabilty of users may finally obstruct the successful workflow execution. To still complete the execution of an obstructed workflow, we envisage a hybrid
approach. If a log is provided, we partition its traces into âsuccessfulâ and âobstructedâ ones by analysing the given workflow and its authorizations. An obstruction should then be solved by finding its nearest match from the list of successful traces. If no log is provided, we flatten the workflow and its authorizations into a Petri net and encode the obstruction with a corresponding âobstruction markingâ. The structural theory of Petri nets shall then be tweaked to provide a minimized Parikh vector, that may violate given firing rules, however reach a complete marking and by that, complete the workflow.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Advancing the Right to Health: The Vital Role of Law
Effective laws and an enabling legal environment are essential to a healthy society. Most public health challenges â from infectious and non-communicable diseases to injuries, from mental illness to universal health coverage â have a legal component. At global, national and local levels, law is a powerful tool for advancing the right to health. This tool is, however, often underutilized.
This report aims to raise awareness about the role that public health laws can play in advancing the right to health and in creating the conditions for all people to live healthy lives. The report provides guidance about issues and requirements to be addressed during the process of developing or reforming public health laws, with case studies drawn from countries around the world to illustrate effective practices and critical features of effective public health legislation.
Advancing the right to health: the vital role of law is the result of a collaboration between the World Health Organisation, the International Development Law Organisation (IDLO), the OâNeill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Washington D.C., USA, and Sydney Law School, University of Sydney. The Project Directors were: Professor Lawrence O. Gostin, Linda D. and Timothy J. OâNeill Professor of Global Health Law and University Professor, Georgetown University; Faculty Director, OâNeill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University; Mr David Patterson, Senior Legal Expert â Health; Department of Research & Learning, International Development Law Organization; Professor Roger Magnusson, Professor of Health Law & Governance, Sydney Law School, University of Sydney; Mr Oscar Cabrera, Executive Director, OâNeill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center; Ms Helena Nygren-Krug (2011â2013), Senior Advisor, Human Rights & Law, UNAIDS.
The content and structure of the report reflect the consensus reached at the second of two international consultations in public health law that preceded the preparation of the report, hosted by WHO and IDLO in Cairo, Egypt, 26-28 April 2010. Part 1 introduces the human right to health and its role in guiding and evaluating law reform efforts, including efforts to achieve the goal of universal health coverage.
Part 2 discusses the process of public health law reform. The law reform process refers to the practical steps involved in advancing the political goal of law reform, and the kinds of issues and obstacles that may be encountered along the way. Part 2 identifies some of the actors who may initiate or lead the public health law reform process, discusses principles of good governance during that process, and ways of building a consensus around the need for public health law reform.
Part 3 turns from the process of reforming public health laws to the substance or content of those laws. It identifies a number of core areas of public health practice where regulation is essential in order to ensure that governments (at different levels) discharge their basic public health functions. Traditionally, these core areas of public health practice have included: the provision of clean water and sanitation, monitoring and surveillance of public health threats, the management of communicable diseases, and emergency powers.
Building on these core public health functions, Part 3 goes on to consider a range of other public health priorities where law has a critical role to play. These priorities include tobacco control, access to essential medicines, the migration of health care workers, nutrition, maternal, reproductive and child health, and the role of law in advancing universal access to quality health services for all members of the population. The report includes many examples that illustrate the ways in which different countries have used law to protect the health of their populations in ways that are consistent with their human rights obligations. Countries vary widely in terms of their constitutional structure, size, history and political culture. For these reasons, the examples given are not intended to be prescriptive, but to provide useful comparisons for countries involved in the process of legislative review
Science and Technology Governance and Ethics - A Global Perspective from Europe, India and China
This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the Peopleâs Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics
De los Derechos Humanos: Reimagining Civics in Bilingual & Bicultural Settings
Dominant approaches to teaching social studies often marginalize bilingual and bicultural students. This is particularly troubling because the explicit goal of the social studies is to cultivate civic participation. Educational inequalities are thus tied to political inequalities. In light of this, this article shares a narrative case study of the author\u27s own bilingual and bicultural approach to teaching middle school civics at a dual-language American school in Mexico. Through the illustration of a comparative civics curriculum that incorporates translanguaging practices, the author argues that embracing bilingualism and biculturalism in the social studies can lead to more expansive possibilities for justice-oriented civic education
The Demand Side of Social Protection
In fragile states, social protection programmes are often a kaleidoscope of projects financed and implemented by a variety of donors, government agencies and NGOs. Such an environment does not foster a strong sense of ownership by beneficiaries, which weakens the likelihood of sustainability in the absence of donor interest or government commitment. Loosening demand-side constraints may provide incentive to sustain social progress, but it is unclear what political or social structures can effectively facilitate voice in fragile states. Cambodia.s unusual social protection trajectory offers some insight by presenting an example where labour rights has made substantial progress while all other protections lag. We assess whether the changed external environment might facilitate activism in other areas of social protection. Our analysis suggests that using an island of excellence to build institutions that open political space for activism can be a successful strategy in states where governments are unable or unwilling to provide comprehensive social protection systems.fragile states, Asia, social protection, Cambodia, social movements, labour standards
Access to Electronic Data for Criminal Investigations Purposes in the EU. CEPS Paper in liberty and security in Europe No. 2020-01, February 2020
Within the EU and across the Atlantic, investigation and prosecution of crime increasingly relies on the
possibility to access, collect and transfer electronic information and personal data held by private
companies across borders. Cross-border access to and collection of data for the purpose of fighting crime
raise several legal and jurisdictional issues. This paper comparatively examines the constitutional, legal and
administrative frameworks on access to and use of digital information in cross-border criminal justice
cooperation in a selection of EU member states. It presents key challenges in the application of the EU
mutual recognition and mutual legal assistance instruments, as well as the existence of 'promising practices'
across the EU and in transatlantic relations. The paper also assesses a set of legal and practical questions
raised by the ongoing policy and normative debate on the so-called âE-Evidenceâ Package. Finally, it sets
out a number of policy options and practical ways forward for EU and national policy makers to promote
judicial cooperation for cross-border access to and collection of electronic data in line with EU and
international rule law and fundamental rights standards
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