The Bus Goes Wireless: Routing-Free Data Collection with QoS Guarantees in Sensor Networks

Abstract—We present the low-power wireless bus (LWB), a new communication paradigm for QoS-aware data collection in lowpower sensor networks. The LWB maps all communication onto network floods by using Glossy, an efficient flooding architecture for wireless sensor networks. Therefore, unlike current solutions, the LWB requires no information of the network topology, and inherently supports networks with mobile nodes and multiple data sinks. A LWB prototype implemented in Contiki guarantees bounded end-to-end communication delay and duplicate-free, inorder packet delivery—key QoS requirements in many control and mission-critical applications. Experiments on two testbeds demonstrate that the LWB prototype outperforms state-of-theart data collection and link layer protocols, in terms of reliability and energy efficiency. For instance, we measure an average radio duty cycle of 1.69 % and an overall data yield of 99.97 % in a typical data collection scenario with 85 sensor nodes on Twist. I

Generic Architecture for Power-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

This work describes the design and implementation of a generic architecture to provide a collective solution for power-aware routing to a wide range of problems in wireless sensor network environments. Power aware-routing is integral to the proposed solutions for different problems. These solutions try to achieve power-efficient routing specific to the problem domain. This can lead to challenging technical problems and deployment barriers when attempting to integrate the solutions. This work extracts various factors to be considered for a range of problems in wireless sensor networks and provides a generic framework for efficient power-aware routing. The architecture aims to relieve researchers from considering power management in their design. We have identified coupling between sources and sinks as the main factor for different design choices for a range of problems. We developed a core-based hierarchical routing framework for efficient power-aware routing that is used to decouple the sources from sinks. The architecture uses only local interaction for scalability and stability in a dynamic network. The architecture provides core-based query forwarding and data dissemination. It uses data aggregation and query aggregation at core nodes to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted. The architecture can be easily extended to incorporate protocols to provide QoS and security to the applications. We use network simulations to evaluate the performance of cluster formation and energy efficiency of the algorithm. Our results show that energy efficiency of the algorithm is better when the transmission range is kept to a minimum for network connectivity as compared to adjustable transmission range.M.S.Committee Chair: Saad, Ashraf; Committee Member: Abler, Randal; Committee Member: Zaghloul, Rahma

Developing Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network WSN consists of small sensor nodes with limited resources, which are sensing, gathering and transmitting data to base station. Sensors of various types are deployed ubiquitously and widely in varied environments for instance, wildlife reserves, battlefields, mobile networks and office building. Sensor nodes are having restricted and non replenishable power resources and this is regarded as one of the main of their critical limits. All applied techniques and protocols on sensor nodes must take into consideration their power limitation. Data aggregation techniques are used by sensor nodes in order to minimize the power consumption by organizing the communication among sensor nodes and eliminating the redundant of sensed data. This paper proposed lightweight modification on data aggregation technique named Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree EADAT. The main principle of this development is using the available information in sensor nodes to pass the role of parent node among sensor nodes in each cluster. The process of passing parent node role is based on nominating the sensor nodes which have higher power on regular bases. A model based on tree network architecture is designed for validation purpose and is used with NS2 simulator to test the proposed development. EADAT and EADAT with proposed development are applied on the designed model and the results were promisin

Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network using Low Space free space optical communication sensor networks

The free space optical communication sensor networks (FSOSN) have shown impending, for very low power, energy aware applications. They aptitude increasing node functionality, lower energy consumption, lower cost and smaller sizes. However, the new wireless sensor network architecture yields new challenges. FSO can be explained by the means to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain broadband communications over distances of several kilometers. The main constraint of FSO is the requirement that a direct line-of-sight (LOS) path exist between two parties the sender and a receiver. However FSO networks offer several unique advantages over RF networks. The fact that include by FSO that it avoids interference with existing RF communications infrastructure is competitively deployed since there is no government licensing of scarce spectrum required, is not susceptible to ?jamming? attacks, and provides a convenient bridge between the sensor network and the nearest optical fiber. The main aim of this research is to develop a low power free space optical communication based intelligent wireless sensor network on 8-bit microcontroller which enables integration of existing devices easily using off the shelf components

Hierarchical Cluster-Based FIFO Asynchronous Data Transfer Technique for Reducing Congestion for Energy Efficient State Wireless Sensor Network-HAEEW

The applications of WSN can be quiet numerous. In applications like battlefield monitoring, grid power generation, health systems, sensors are deployed on large scale. During such deployment, energy efficiency must be proficient, which requires clustering, in the WSN architecture. Clustering architecture requires maintenance of sensor nodes due to alfunctioning of sensor which becomes depleted of energy. As some nodes leaves and some are being replaced, congestion is introduced in the network due the limited processing capability of memory, computations, and bandwidth condition. This paper proposes one of the energy efficient clustering techniques (HAEEW), using asynchronous data transfer (ADT), which has been modeled from data transfer technique (EEHCR), and using hierarchical clustering. Our model uses synchronization in clock time queries in one and each iterations round time, to determine cluster head, and head-set member formation, using Ad hoc on-demand energy aware routing protocols (AOERP) to make decision. In each iteration, the head-set members receives message request from neighboring nodes to confirm their average distance estimation, in which to transmit aggregated data to the base station. In a sensor deployment, which is aimed for data collection, control and management of sensor nodes, play a vital role, where nodes can be adjusted to boost energy in the network life time. We used matlab for simulations analysis of our result

A Structured Hardware/Software Architecture for Embedded Sensor Nodes

Owing to the limited requirement for sensor processing in early networked sensor nodes, embedded software was generally built around the communication stack. Modern sensor nodes have evolved to contain significant on-board functionality in addition to communications, including sensor processing, energy management, actuation and locationing. The embedded software for this functionality, however, is often implemented in the application layer of the communications stack, resulting in an unstructured, top-heavy and complex stack. In this paper, we propose an embedded system architecture to formally specify multiple interfaces on a sensor node. This architecture differs from existing solutions by providing a sensor node with multiple stacks (each stack implements a separate node function), all linked by a shared application layer. This establishes a structured platform for the formal design, specification and implementation of modern sensor and wireless sensor nodes. We describe a practical prototype of an intelligent sensing, energy-aware, sensor node that has been developed using this architecture, implementing stacks for communications, sensing and energy management. The structure and operation of the intelligent sensing and energy management stacks are described in detail. The proposed architecture promotes structured and modular design, allowing for efficient code reuse and being suitable for future generations of sensor nodes featuring interchangeable components