The Education and Curriculum Structure of Library and Information Science Department of Gujarat State Universities: A Survey

Personal development, development of society, development of country and nation is based on education. Indian culture has been the culture of Rushimunis and Vedas since time immemorial. At that time, in order to acquire knowledge, studies were done in ashrams which included knowledge, art, skills, theology, practical knowledge, etc. Recognizing the importance of education in the country, it is imperative that every member of the society, parents of students, experts in various disciplines, and the government should always strive for the spread of education. However, since the current education system is library-based, it is appropriate to say that the library is also taking advantage of this opportunity. It is no exaggeration to say that the library is the people\u27s university and the librarian is also called the teacher of the teacher. From the above matter, it is clear that the responsibility of shaping the future citizens is in the hands of the library profession as the library plays an important role in education both formal and informal. For example, just as an expert doctor can save his patient\u27s life, an expert lawyer can save his client from punishment, an expert trader can give his client the best thing, in the same way, a library professional can give accurate information to his users and can make him a subject matter expert. Thus, since the literacy rate of the country is hidden in the hands of library professionals in addition to educational institutions, every library professionals should be educated and for this, he should get an education in library science. It is also important to note that their curriculum needs to change over time. The present article is an attempt to introduce the origins, objectives, dissemination of library science education in India, and especially the status of library science education in the field of higher education in various universities of Gujarat state and its current curriculum

Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and development

Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 23 September 2008. Introduction by Professor Sir John Bell, Uiversity of Oxford.Clinical genetics has become a major medical specialty in Britain since its beginnings with Lionel Penrose’s work on mental handicap and phenylketonuria (PKU) and John Fraser Robert’s first genetic clinic in 1946. Subsequent advances in diagnosis and prediction have had key impacts on families with inherited disorders and prospective parents concerned about their unborn children. The Witness Seminar focused on the beginnings of British clinical genetics in London, Oxford, Liverpool and Manchester, the development of subspecialties, such as dysmorphology, and also the roles of the Royal College of Physicians, the Clinical Genetics Society and the Department of Health in the establishment of clinical genetics as a specialty in 1980. Specialist non-medical genetic counsellors, initially from the fields of nursing and social work, progressively became a more significant part of genetic services, while lay societies also developed an important influence on services. Prenatal diagnosis became possible with the introduction of new genetic tools in regional centres to identify fetal anomalies and chromosomal disorders. This volume complements the 2001 Witness Seminar on genetic testing which emphasizes laboratory aspects of medical genetics, with limited coverage of clinical genetics. Participants include: Ms Chris Barnes, Dr Caroline Berry, Professor Martin Bobrow (chair), Professor Sir John Burn, Dr Ian Lister Cheese, Professor Angus Clarke, Dr Clare Davison, Professor Joy Delhanty, Dr Nick Dennis, Professor Dian Donnai, Professor Alan Emery, Professor George Fraser, Mrs Margaret Fraser Roberts, Professor Peter Harper, Dr Hilary Harris, Professor Rodney Harris, Professor Shirley Hodgson, Dr Alan Johnston, Mrs Ann Kershaw, Mrs Lauren Kerzin-Storrar, Professor Michael Laurence, Professor Ursula Mittwoch, Professor Michael Modell, Professor Marcus Pembrey, Professor Sue Povey, Professor Heather Skirton, Professor Sir David Weatherall. Harper P A, Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2010) Clinical genetics in Britain: Origins and development. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 39. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183

The Second Wave of Comparative Law and Economics?

Comment on a text by Gillian Hadfield, The Levers of Legal Design: Institutional Determinants of the Quality of Law, 36 Journal of Comparative Economics 43 (2008

Destination-Language Proficiency in Cross-National Perspective: A Study of Immigrant Groups in Nine Western Countries

Immigrants’ destination-language proficiency has been typically studied from a microperspective in a single country. In this article, the authors examine the role of macrofactors in a cross-national perspective. They argue that three groups of macrolevel factors are important: the country immigrants settle in (“destination” effect), the sending nation (“origin” effect), and the combination between origin and destination (“setting” or “community” effect). The authors propose a design that simultaneously observes multiple origin groups in multiple destinations. They present substantive hypotheses about language proficiency and use them to develop a series of macrolevel indicators. The authors collected and standardized 19 existing immigrant surveys for nine Western countries. Using multilevel techniques, their analyses show that origins, destinations, and settings play a significant role in immigrants’ language proficiency.

Origins of neonatal intensive care in the UK

Chaired by Professor Robert Boyd, this seminar reviewed the development and changes in care of the newborn in the UK over the past 50 years. Advances in techniques were described, such as mechanical ventilation, total parenteral nutrition and continuous monitoring of vital signs, to care for ill or vulnerable newborn infants. Diagnostic techniques that were developed and introduced in the 1970s and early 1980s were discussed, such as ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging and near infrared spectroscopy, for the non-invasive investigation of the brain, as well as the setting up of neonatal intensive care units. Witnesses include: Professor Eva Alberman, Dr Herbert Barrie, Professor Richard Cooke, Dr Beryl Corner, Dr Pamela Davies, Professor John Davis, Professor David Delpy, Professor Victor and Dr Lilly Dubowitz, the late Professor Harold Gamsu, Professor David Harvey, Professor Colin Normand, Professor Tom Oppé, Professor Osmund Reynolds, Dr Jean Smellie, Professor Maureen Young and nurses, including Miss Anthea Blake, Miss Caroline Dux and Miss Mae Nugent. Introduction by Professor Peter Dunn, viii, 84pp, 1 chart, glossary, subject and name index

A historical primer on consumer credit reporting systems: A lesson for EU policy makers?

This work investigates the cultural framework through the lens of history of consumer credit reporting in the lender-borrower relationship in order to inform European legislators when setting a future legal framework. It provides an historical primer of consumer credit reporting in the US where it first originated and how the system was transplanted in Europe without following that process of legitimisation and legislative procedure that was so crucial over more than 100 years of American history. This brings concerns that European countries need to contend with, especially in view of a future integrated single market in consumer credit in which consumers receive an adequate protection

The regulation of consumer credit information systems: A lesson from Italy?

The regulation of Consumer Credit information in Italy, the European context, and privacy protection. Could Italy's legislative approach provide an example for a legislative model to other EC member states

The Self-Organization of Speech Sounds

The speech code is a vehicle of language: it defines a set of forms used by a community to carry information. Such a code is necessary to support the linguistic interactions that allow humans to communicate. How then may a speech code be formed prior to the existence of linguistic interactions? Moreover, the human speech code is discrete and compositional, shared by all the individuals of a community but different across communities, and phoneme inventories are characterized by statistical regularities. How can a speech code with these properties form? We try to approach these questions in the paper, using the ``methodology of the artificial''. We build a society of artificial agents, and detail a mechanism that shows the formation of a discrete speech code without pre-supposing the existence of linguistic capacities or of coordinated interactions. The mechanism is based on a low-level model of sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very simple and non language-specific neural devices leads to the formation of a speech code that has properties similar to the human speech code. This result relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic coupling between perception and production within agents, and on the interactions between agents. The artificial system helps us to develop better intuitions on how speech might have appeared, by showing how self-organization might have helped natural selection to find speech

From Holistic to Discrete Speech Sounds: The Blind Snow-Flake Maker Hypothesis

Sound is a medium used by humans to carry information. The existence of this kind of medium is a pre-requisite for language. It is organized into a code, called speech, which provides a repertoire of forms that is shared in each language community. This code is necessary to support the linguistic interactions that allow humans to communicate. How then may a speech code be formed prior to the existence of linguistic interactions? Moreover, the human speech code is characterized by several properties: speech is digital and compositional (vocalizations are made of units re-used systematically in other syllables); phoneme inventories have precise regularities as well as great diversity in human languages; all the speakers of a language community categorize sounds in the same manner, but each language has its own system of categorization, possibly very different from every other. How can a speech code with these properties form? These are the questions we will approach in the paper. We will study them using the method of the artificial. We will build a society of artificial agents, and study what mechanisms may provide answers. This will not prove directly what mechanisms were used for humans, but rather give ideas about what kind of mechanism may have been used. This allows us to shape the search space of possible answers, in particular by showing what is sufficient and what is not necessary. The mechanism we present is based on a low-level model of sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very simple and non language-specific neural devices allows a population of agents to build a speech code that has the properties mentioned above. The originality is that it pre-supposes neither a functional pressure for communication, nor the ability to have coordinated social interactions (they do not play language or imitation games). It relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic coupling between perception and production both within agents, and on the interactions between agents