Manual for rabies control and bite management

abstract: This manual is intended for use by veterinarians, animal control personnel, wildlife biologists, wildlife rehabilitators, and local health departments for rabies control purposes. These recommendations are based on the Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control; Human Rabies Prevention- United States, 1999; Arizona Revised Statues - Article 6 sections 11-1001 through 11-1027; and Arizona Administrative Code - Communicable Disease Rules R9-6-501-503.Includes bibliographical references (p. 3)

Gene transcription analysis during interaction between potato and Ralstonia solanacearum

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) is an important quarantine disease that spreads worldwide and infects hundreds of plant species. The BW defense response of potato is a complicated continuous process, which involves transcription of a battery of genes. The molecular mechanisms of potato-Rs interactions are poorly understood. In this study, we combined suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray hybridization to identify genes that are differentially expressed during the incompatible interaction between Rs and potato. In total, 302 differentially expressed genes were identified and classified into 12 groups according to their putative biological functions. Of 302 genes, 81 were considered as Rs resistance-related genes based on the homology to genes of known function, and they have putative roles in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, transcription factor functioning, hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance, and cell rescue and protection. Additionally, 50 out of 302 genes had no match or low similarity in the NCBI databases, and they may represent novel genes. Of seven interesting genes analyzed via RNA gel blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, six were induced, one was suppressed, and all had different transcription patterns. The results demonstrate that the response of potato against Rs is rapid and involves the induction of numerous various genes. The genes identified in this study add to our knowledge of potato resistance to Rs

Production of organic seed for the organic sector (OF0154)

This is the final report of Defra project OF0154. Under the European Union Regulation on the organic production of agricultural products (2092/91), crops raised in organic systems should be grown from organically produced seed or vegetative material. However, the supply of organic seed is limited in the UK and in Europe as a whole, and so by way of derogation, the EU Regulation permits the use of untreated, conventional seed on organic farms only when an appropriate organic variety cannot be sourced. At the start of this project, the derogation period was due to end on 31 December 2000; however, it was extended in June 1999 to 31 December 2003, after which the use of conventional seed will not be permitted on organic farms. To evaluate the current situation regarding organic seed availability, future demand for seed, and the problems restricting the development of an active organic seed production industry in the UK, the following tasks were undertaken with the aim of helping to facilitate the commercial use of organic seed and contributing to the ending of the use of conventional seed on organic farming systems. Objectives 1. Assess the current and potential availability of organic seed, in the UK, elsewhere in Europe and further afield. 2. Develop a forecast of demand for organic seed in the UK over the next 5-10 years. 3. Determine the obstacles that need to be overcome and whether or not they can be dealt with through UK or European co-operation. 4. Highlight problems that need further research input. 5. Produce a report covering the availability of organically produced seed for commercial organic use, including details of species and varieties where further work is needed and recommendations for future actions. Results • There are 251 different varieties of organic seed commercially available to UK organic farmers and growers, 98% of which are vegetable varieties and 1% are cereal varieties. There are no grasses or herbage legumes available. Of the major crops, only 4% of the varieties most commonly used by UK organic producers are currently available as organic seed. • A survey (with only an 11% reply rate) indicated a general European view that organic seed was in short supply in Europe. • Based on 1997 data, demand for organic cereal seed is likely to double, demand for vegetable seed will triple, and demand for grassland seed will increase 7 or 8 times. With the current trend in organic seed production, these demands will not be met at the end of the derogation period unless a massive increase in production takes place. • The problems associated with organic seed production expressed by fourteen seed companies in the UK could be broadly placed within three categories: 1) Marketing, 2) Technical and 3) Standards. Many were only perceived problems (not actual ones) that could be overcome through education, training and discussion. • This study has shown that organic seed production must go ahead and that there are no real obstacles to cause delay. Comments and recommendations for future actions 1. Press ahead with organic seed production. 2. More rigorous policing of the current derogation is required. 3. Make a rapid commitment not to extend the current derogation. 4. Major improvements are required in organic variety testing to identify which varieties should be produced as organic seed. 5. Further work is required on pest, disease and weed problems specifically related to organic seed production. 6. Research is required on the standards of other European countries and third countries. 7. MAFF census data should include organic agriculture and horticulture information

Heritage Adrift: Designing for North Brother Island in the Face of Climate Change

The smaller islands of the archipelago of New York City (NYC) have built heritage that reflects the history of quarantining undesirable and vulnerable populations in institutions such as hospitals, asylums, and prisons. North Brother Island (NBI) in the East River is one such place, home to Riverside Hospital and other institutions from 1885-1963. The NYC archipelago is vulnerable to multiple effects of climate change including sea-level rise, shoreline erosion, increased flooding, and storm surge. In order to confront the dangers that climate change presents to the built heritage on NBI, a hybrid approach of preservation interventions and landscape architecture strategies are needed. Using a values-based preservation approach as the foundation, I developed a projective design to address shoreline erosion, building stabilization, selective deconstruction, and public access to NBI, which is currently managed as a bird sanctuary. I have designed a low energy tidal zone on the rapidly eroding northeastern shore of the island using constructed reefs. The area of the island where colonial wading birds have nested is protected from human access with a dry-laid masonry wall. Both the reef and wall are constructed with debris recycled from buildings on the island that need to be deconstructed due to instability. The forestry strategy augments the existing vegetation on site and uses salt tolerant species in the meadow, woodland, scrubland, and wetland, which will all be increasingly inundated as sea-levels rise. The design solution will allow for limited and seasonal access to this island with a rich and important quarantine history

Self-Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)

Today, there is an increased risk to data privacy and information security due to cyberattacks that compromise data reliability and accessibility. New machine learning models are needed to detect and prevent these cyberattacks. One application of these models is cybersecurity threat detection and prevention systems that can create a baseline of a network\u27s traffic patterns to detect anomalies without needing pre-labeled data; thus, enabling the identification of abnormal network events as threats. This research explored algorithms that can help automate anomaly detection on an enterprise network using Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity data. This study demonstrates that Neural Networks with Bayesian linear functions as hidden layers display autonomous learning capabilities and are a highly accurate anomaly detection method that can be implemented in cyberattack detection and intrusion prevention with low incidence of false positives

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 130, July 1974

This special bibliography lists 291 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1974