612 research outputs found
Deep Multi-instance Networks with Sparse Label Assignment for Whole Mammogram Classification
Mammogram classification is directly related to computer-aided diagnosis of
breast cancer. Traditional methods rely on regions of interest (ROIs) which
require great efforts to annotate. Inspired by the success of using deep
convolutional features for natural image analysis and multi-instance learning
(MIL) for labeling a set of instances/patches, we propose end-to-end trained
deep multi-instance networks for mass classification based on whole mammogram
without the aforementioned ROIs. We explore three different schemes to
construct deep multi-instance networks for whole mammogram classification.
Experimental results on the INbreast dataset demonstrate the robustness of
proposed networks compared to previous work using segmentation and detection
annotations.Comment: MICCAI 2017 Camera Read
Medical imaging analysis with artificial neural networks
Given that neural networks have been widely reported in the research community of medical imaging, we provide a focused literature survey on recent neural network developments in computer-aided diagnosis, medical image segmentation and edge detection towards visual content analysis, and medical image registration for its pre-processing and post-processing, with the aims of increasing awareness of how neural networks can be applied to these areas and to provide a foundation for further research and practical development. Representative techniques and algorithms are explained in detail to provide inspiring examples illustrating: (i) how a known neural network with fixed structure and training procedure could be applied to resolve a medical imaging problem; (ii) how medical images could be analysed, processed, and characterised by neural networks; and (iii) how neural networks could be expanded further to resolve problems relevant to medical imaging. In the concluding section, a highlight of comparisons among many neural network applications is included to provide a global view on computational intelligence with neural networks in medical imaging
Cancer diagnosis using deep learning: A bibliographic review
In this paper, we first describe the basics of the field of cancer diagnosis, which includes steps of cancer diagnosis followed by the typical classification methods used by doctors, providing a historical idea of cancer classification techniques to the readers. These methods include Asymmetry, Border, Color and Diameter (ABCD) method, seven-point detection method, Menzies method, and pattern analysis. They are used regularly by doctors for cancer diagnosis, although they are not considered very efficient for obtaining better performance. Moreover, considering all types of audience, the basic evaluation criteria are also discussed. The criteria include the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), Area under the ROC curve (AUC), F1 score, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, dice-coefficient, average accuracy, and Jaccard index. Previously used methods are considered inefficient, asking for better and smarter methods for cancer diagnosis. Artificial intelligence and cancer diagnosis are gaining attention as a way to define better diagnostic tools. In particular, deep neural networks can be successfully used for intelligent image analysis. The basic framework of how this machine learning works on medical imaging is provided in this study, i.e., pre-processing, image segmentation and post-processing. The second part of this manuscript describes the different deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial models (GANs), deep autoencoders (DANs), restricted Boltzmann’s machine (RBM), stacked autoencoders (SAE), convolutional autoencoders (CAE), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory (LTSM), multi-scale convolutional neural network (M-CNN), multi-instance learning convolutional neural network (MIL-CNN). For each technique, we provide Python codes, to allow interested readers to experiment with the cited algorithms on their own diagnostic problems. The third part of this manuscript compiles the successfully applied deep learning models for different types of cancers. Considering the length of the manuscript, we restrict ourselves to the discussion of breast cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, and skin cancer. The purpose of this bibliographic review is to provide researchers opting to work in implementing deep learning and artificial neural networks for cancer diagnosis a knowledge from scratch of the state-of-the-art achievements
Deep Learning for Automated Medical Image Analysis
Medical imaging is an essential tool in many areas of medical applications,
used for both diagnosis and treatment. However, reading medical images and
making diagnosis or treatment recommendations require specially trained medical
specialists. The current practice of reading medical images is labor-intensive,
time-consuming, costly, and error-prone. It would be more desirable to have a
computer-aided system that can automatically make diagnosis and treatment
recommendations. Recent advances in deep learning enable us to rethink the ways
of clinician diagnosis based on medical images. In this thesis, we will
introduce 1) mammograms for detecting breast cancers, the most frequently
diagnosed solid cancer for U.S. women, 2) lung CT images for detecting lung
cancers, the most frequently diagnosed malignant cancer, and 3) head and neck
CT images for automated delineation of organs at risk in radiotherapy. First,
we will show how to employ the adversarial concept to generate the hard
examples improving mammogram mass segmentation. Second, we will demonstrate how
to use the weakly labeled data for the mammogram breast cancer diagnosis by
efficiently design deep learning for multi-instance learning. Third, the thesis
will walk through DeepLung system which combines deep 3D ConvNets and GBM for
automated lung nodule detection and classification. Fourth, we will show how to
use weakly labeled data to improve existing lung nodule detection system by
integrating deep learning with a probabilistic graphic model. Lastly, we will
demonstrate the AnatomyNet which is thousands of times faster and more accurate
than previous methods on automated anatomy segmentation.Comment: PhD Thesi
Improvement of computerized mass detection on mammograms: Fusion of twoâ view information
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135080/1/mp6098.pd
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