Current challenges and future trends in the field of communication architectures for microgrids

[EN] The concept of microgrid has emerged as a feasible answer to cope with the increasing number of distributed renewable energy sources which are being introduced into the electrical grid. The microgrid communication network should guarantee a complete and bidirectional connectivity among the microgrid resources, a high reliability and a feasible interoperability. This is in a contrast to the current electrical grid structure which is characterized by the lack of connectivity, being a centralized-unidirectional system. In this paper a review of the microgrids information and communication technologies (ICT) is shown. In addition, a guideline for the transition from the current communication systems to the future generation of microgrid communications is provided. This paper contains a systematic review of the most suitable communication network topologies, technologies and protocols for smart microgrids. It is concluded that a new generation of peer-to-peer communication systems is required towards a dynamic smart microgrid. Potential future research about communications of the next microgrid generation is also identified.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under Grant ENE2015-64087-C2-2. This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant BES-2013-064539.Marzal-Romeu, S.; Salas-Puente, RA.; González Medina, R.; Garcerá, G.; Figueres Amorós, E. (2018). Current challenges and future trends in the field of communication architectures for microgrids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 82(2):3610-3622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.101S3610362282

Модифікована онтологічна модель системи MicroGrid

Робота містить 93 сторінки, 28 рисунків та 18 таблиць. Було використано 40 джерел. Мета роботи: підвищити ефективність створення системи МicroGrid за рахунок побудови та застосування онтологічної моделі на основі аналізу характеристик, структури, областей застосування даної системи. Описано проблеми застосування та побудови онтологічних моделей. Проаналізовано структуру, основні характеристики, області застосування та проблеми системи MicroGrid. Досліджено застосування хмарних сховищ в онтологічних моделях для підвищення ефективності роботи всієї системи. Поставлено завдання аналізу онтологічної моделі системи MicroGrid, стандартів на яких вона реалізована, принципів взаємодії між елементами, варіанти побудови. На основі аналізу знань про побудову онтологічних моделей запропоновано модифікацію онтологічної моделі за рахунок виведення деяких елементів системи до хмарного сховища, також додано блок управління аналізом цінових ти погодніх факторів, завдяки цьому ефективність побудови системи виросла разом із оптимізацією самих процесів. Проведено аналіз ефективності побудови системи MicroGrid за рахунок застосування онтологічної моделі.The work contains 93 pages, 28 figures and 18 tables. 40 sources have been used. Goal: Ensure the effective MicroGrid system by building and using ontological models based on an analysis of the characteristics, structure, and areas of this system. Described the problem of using ontological models. Analyzed the structure, the main characteristics, application areas and problem’s of MicroGrid system. The application of cloud storage in ontological models for improving the efficiency of the whole system is explored. The task of analysis of the ontological model of the system MicroGrid, the standards on which it is implemented, the principles of interaction between the elements, construction options are set. On the basis of knowledge analysis on the construction of ontological models, modification of the ontological model is proposed due to the withdrawal of some elements of the system to the cloud storage, and the control unit for the analysis of price and weather factors has been added, due to which the efficiency of construction of the system has grown along with the optimization of the processes themselves. An analysis of the efficiency of constructing a system of MicroGrid through the use of an ontological model has been carried out

Sistema multiagente para proteção adaptativa de microrredes

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2014.A integração de geradores conectados nas redes de distribuição de energia, também chamada de Geração Distribuída (GD), pode gerar dificuldades para a operação e controle, pois altera características tradicionais destes sistemas. Estas dificuldades podem ser em parte resolvidas nas chamadas microrredes, que são subsistemas da rede de distribuição de energia, cuja principal característica é a capacidade de operar em condições de ilhamento, ou seja, separadas da rede principal de distribuição de energia elétrica. Entretanto, as microrredes também trazem consigo desafios a serem resolvidos, um deles diz respeito à proteção, especificamente à sensibilidade e coordenação de relés com funções de sobrecorrente. Assim, neste trabalho é proposta uma arquitetura de Sistema Multiagente (SMA) para realizar a proteção adaptativa de microrredes baseada em relés com função direcional de sobrecorrente instantânea e temporizada. Para implementação do protótipo foi utilizada a plataforma JADE (Java Agent Development Framework), juntamente com uma biblioteca em JAVA para desenvolvimento de Sistemas Especialistas (SE), chamada CLIPSJNI (Java Native Interface for C Language Integrated Production System). Na arquitetura proposta, é descrito o papel que cada um dos agentes desempenha na proteção, sua hierarquia e a troca de mensagens entre agentes para execução da tarefa a ser realizada - isto é, mudança nos ajustes de configuração dos relés (análise off-line) ou detecção e eliminação de faltas (análise on-line). Simulações de faltas no software PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer Aided Design/Eletromagnetic Transients Including DC) foram realizadas para parametrizar os agentes do sistema e também para verificar a viabilidade da proposta. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos são discutidos e atestam a eficiência da metodologia desenvolvida.Abstract: The integration of generators connected to power distribution networks, also called Distributed Generation (DG), alters traditional features of these systems and may cause difficulties for their operation and control. These difficulties can be partly resolved by microgrids, which are subsystems of the power distribution network, whose main feature is the ability to operate in islanding conditions, i.e., separated from the main distribution network. However, microgrids also bring challenges to besolved, one of them concerns the protection, specifically the sensitivity and coordination of overcurrent relays. In this context, this dissertation proposes an architecture of Multi-Agent System (SMA) to perform adaptive protection of microgrids based on directional time and instantaneous overcurrent functions. For the implementation of the prototype JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) platform was used, along with a library in Java for Expert Systems (SE), called CLIPSJNI (Java Native Interface for C Language Integrated Production System). The hierarchy between agents in the proposed architecture and the role played by each protecting agent is described. Examples of messages exchanged between agents to perform tasks such as change of relay settings (off-line analysis) or detection and elimination of faults(on-line analysis) are presented. Simulations of faults inPSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer Aided Design /Electromagnetic Transients Including DC) are performed to parameterize the agents of the system and also to verify the feasibility of the proposal. Finally, the results obtained are discussed and testify the efficiency of the developed methodology