Keepers Of The Light Conference 2000 Keynote Address

Donna Fletcher Crow is an author of historical fiction tracing the roots of Christianity in England, Scotland and Ireland. She delivered this keynote address for the opening session of the A CL Conference, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California, June 14, 200

A Comparison of Laboratory and Vulnerability Evaluation Methods for the Testing Security Equipment

A facility wide security system cannot be tested without causing disruption or creating vulnerabilities within the system. To overcome this issue, individual components or equipment may be evaluated to a priori performance standard. The two common approaches to security equipment evaluations are vulnerability attacks and laboratory testing. Laboratory testing of security equipment can reduce the costs and time associated with evaluations, as well as limiting the subjectivity of the tests. Vulnerability attacks will produce more realistic evaluation results of the whole security system; nevertheless, the data obtained is dependent on the physical attributes and skill of the attackers. This study ascertained what methodology, namely laboratory testing or vulnerability testing, was the most effective. To achieve this, both testing methodologies were applied to security padlocks with expert validation. The study confirmed that if security equipment has been laboratory tested to a designed priori performance level, the degree of security vulnerability can be effectively identified. As the security padlocks demonstrated, the high level achieved in the laboratory tests correlated with a high delay factor in vulnerability testing. Such an approach to security equipment testing resulted in a reliable and valid quantitative data set that could be applied at a later stage to other similar equipment. Nevertheless, it is suggested that when considering a facility wide security system, some degree of both laboratory and vulnerability testing has to be applied as they are complimentary

Evangelical Friend, December 1983 /January 1984 (Vol. 17, No. 4/5)

Jan WoodWorship the King. Page 2 Sheldon LouthanReconciling marriages, healing of families. Page 6 Lauren KingOn being critical and divisive. Page 8 Howard Moore and Luke ChengMissionary voic e: Church growth Taiwan style. Page 10 Nancy ThomasPrince of peace. Page 10 Alice RossThe most memorable Christmas. Page 28 Regular Features Let\u27s Be Friends 4The Sense of the Meeting 13Once Upon a Time 14 First Day News 15Friends Write 19The Family Room 19 Books 20The Face of the World 22Friends Concerns 24 Friends Gather 26Friends Record 27https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/nwym_evangelical_friend/1177/thumbnail.jp

Why Can’t We Be FRANDs?: Anti-Suit Injunctions, International Comity, and International Commercial Arbitration in Standard-Essential Patent Litigation

Picking up a smartphone to contact someone across the globe isfacilitated by technical standards like 5G. These standards allow for technological compatibility worldwide. For instance, a 5G capable device can connect to 5G networks anywhere in the world because the same 5G standard is used globally. Standards, particularly those integral to the telecommunications industry, are also highly complex and contain many patents that are necessarily infringed when the standard is implemented. To avoid rampant patent infringement, owners of these standard-essential patents (“SEPs”) are required to license them to standard implementers at fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (“FRAND”) rates when their patents are incorporated into a standard. Apart from that, standard setting organizations (“SSOs”) provide minimal guidance about what rates are FRAND. As a result, SEP litigation over whether a rate is FRAND has spiked. Courts hearing FRAND cases can set global rates, but patent rights are territorial. In response to the threat of foreign courts setting rates on patents granted in their jurisdiction, some courts have issued anti-suit injunctions to prevent parties from litigating a FRAND dispute elsewhere. This rise in anti-suit injunctions has resulted in some courts turning to anti-anti-suit injunctions as a response or preemptive measure. Parties have even petitioned courts for anti-anti-anti-suit injunctions. This spiral poses a threat to international comity because these injunctions, although directed at the litigants, interfere with a foreign court’s ability to decide what to do with a matter before it. Within the FRAND context, an added danger is the potential breakdown of future technological interoperability if some parts of the world adopt different standards than others. For example, this might make some smartphones incompatible with some cellular data networks. In place of litigation, international commercial arbitration has been used with some success in FRAND disputes, but there are downsides to using arbitration alone. This Note recommends federal courts grant anti-suit injunctions in SEP litigation only under a restrictive test, rather than maintaining the current variation by circuit. Injunctions that up the “anti” should face greater scrutiny under a stricter test with international comity guiding the decision through concrete factors outlined in the sections on nonrecognition of foreign judgments in the Restatement (Fourth) of Foreign Relations Law of the United States. The Note further suggests that Congress should codify this test, but in the event of an injunction spiral that might preclude litigation altogether, SSOs should require the parties arbitrate the dispute before experts at the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”). Together, litigation and arbitration can help preserve the interconnected and technologically compatible system currently in place around the world

News from Hope College, Volume 48.2: December, 2016

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Different perspectives on global justice: a fusion of horizons

Abumere FA. Different perspectives on global justice: a fusion of horizons. Bielefeld: Universitätsbibliothek; 2014.When he was asked where he came from, Diogenes of Sinope (404 - 323 B.C.) famously declared: "I am a citizen of the world." The Cynic’s declaration resonates with our intensively and extensively globalised world. Just as it was important whether a person sees him/herself as primarily a citizen of a particular polis or a citizen of the universal cosmopolis during the Cynic’s time, so also it is important – if not even more important – whether we see ourselves as primarily members of a state or the global society today. This dissertation is aimed at delving into the debate on global justice. There are many ways to deal with the issue of global justice. I have chosen one way; to focus on cosmopolitanism contra statism in relation to resource curse with a view of arriving at a fusion of horizons. Essentially, cosmopolitanism and statism are attempts by political philosophers to set moral standards for our world. In our world today, there is need to set standards of behaviour in certain essential aspects of life. Standards are indispensable because the consequences of lack of standards are frighteningly negative. Imagine a world without standards. I am of the opinion that a world without standards will end up in self-destruction. Without standards we will not be able to live together in harmony since there will be no common ground for the harmonization of our interests. Consequently, to use Hobbes’ nuance, we will go back to the state of nature where it is the war of all against all. But it is not enough to have standards; those standards have to be just. For unjust standards could as well pitch us against one another thereby we will find ourselves yet in some form of state of nature. So, if standards are indispensable, just standards are even more indispensable. Just standards, supposedly, will make the world a peaceful place and the earth a better place for its inhabitants. This is why I am delving into the subject matter of this dissertation. For me, this is an endeavour to look at some aspects of global justice in terms of what they are and then proffer solutions as to what they ought to be. What I hope to achieve with this dissertation is to convince some of my readers that whether we are cosmopolitans or statists, it is possible for us to be globally just at least to some reasonable extent. This dissertation is divided into an introduction, six chapters which are further divided into sub-chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction introduces the subject matter of the dissertation and presents my position on the subject matter. The first chapter discusses the theoretical and conceptual differences between cosmopolitanism and statism, and discusses the methodological approach that will be used in the dissertation. The second chapter is divided into six sub-chapters. The first sub-chapter presents an overview of cosmopolitanism and statism. The second and third sub-chapters discuss the views of two statists namely John Rawls and Thomas Nagel. The third and fourth sub-chapters discuss the views of two cosmopolitans namely Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge. While the sixth sub-chapter discusses Sebastiano Maffettone’s intermediary position between the cosmopolitan and the statist views. The third chapter focuses on resource curse. It presents a descriptive analysis of resource curse in general, and then contextualises it in sub-Saharan Africa paying particular attention to the cases of Nigeria, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The fourth chapter, relying on the descriptive analysis in the third chapter, provides a preliminary prescriptive analysis of resource curse. Then the fifth chapter extends the prescriptive analysis by examining the moral relationship between causality and responsibility on different levels in the context of resource curse. The sixth chapter examines possible arguments against my attempt to fuse the horizons of cosmopolitanism and statism. It reviews my hypothesis, recapitulates the key issues in the dissertation and then summarises the benefits of fusing the horizons of cosmopolitanism and statism. Finally, the concluding part of the dissertation disclaims the notion that my adopted fusion of horizons is a negation of cosmopolitanism and statism, and then reiterates my position on the subject matter of the dissertation.Als er gefragt wurde, woher er käme, erklärte Diogenes of Sinope (404-323 v.Chr.): "Ich bin ein Weltenbürger." Des Zynikers Erklärung lässt sich gut mit unserer heutigen globalisierten Welt in Einklang bringen. So wie es damals wichtig gewesen ist, ob sich eine Person in erster Linie als Bürger einer bestimmten Polis oder als ein Weltenbürger verstand, so ist es auch heute wichtig - wenn nicht sogar noch wichtiger geworden - ob wir uns selbst als Mitglieder eines bestimmten Staates oder einer globalen Gesellschaft verstehen. Diese Dissertation setzt sich mit der Debatte über globale Gerechtigkeit auseinander. Es gibt mehrere Arten oder Methoden, mit denen man das Thema von globaler Gerechtigkeit bearbeiten kann. Ich werde mich auf den Kosmopilitismus und den Etatismus im Bezug auf den Ressourcenfluch konzentrieren, um zu einer Horizontverschmelzung beider zu gelangen. Wesentlich für den Kosmopilitismus und Etatismus sind die Herangehensweisen der politischen Philosophie, damit sie moralische Maßnahmen für die eine Welt andenken können. In der heutigen Welt gibt es einen großen Bedarf, Verhaltensnormen in einigen wesentlichen Aspekten des Lebens zu setzen. Bestimmte Standards sind unverzichtbar, weil die Folgen von mangelhaften Standards erschrekend negativ sind. Stellen Sie sich eine Welt ohne Normen vor. Ich bin der Meinung, dass eine Welt ohne Normen zu ihrer Selbstzerstörung führen würde. Ohne Normen können wir nicht miteinander in Harmonie leben, denn es würde keine Harmonisierung unserer unterschiedlichen Interessen möglich sein. Dementsprechend, um auch Hobbes mit einzubeziehen, werden wir zum Naturzustand zurückkommen müssen, in dem es zum Krieg aller gegen alle kommt. Allerdings reicht es nicht aus, Normen zu haben, da diese Normen zudem auch gerecht sein müssen. Eine ungerechte Norm kann vielmehr dazu führen, uns gegeneinander zu stellen, was wiederum erneut zum Naturzustand führen würde. Also, wenn Normen unentbehrlich sind, sind gerechte Standards umso wichtiger. Gerechte Normen werden die Welt angeblich zu einem friedlicheren Ort machen und sie in einen besseren Ort für all ihre Bewohner verwandeln. Deshalb möchte ich mich mit diesem Thema in meiner Dissertation beschäftigen. Für mich ist es eine Bestrebung, ein paar Aspekte einer globalen Gerechtigkeit darzustellen und dessen Ermöglichungsansätze aufzuzeigen. Mit dieser Dissertation hoffe ich, meine Leser davon überzeugen zu können, dass egal, ob wir Kosmopolitaner oder Bürger eines Staates sind, es für uns möglich ist, globale Gerechtigkeit in einem guten Ausmaß herzustellen. Die Dissertation selbst ist unterteilt in einer kurzen Einführung, sechs Hauptkapitel die wiederum in mehrere Unterkapitel aufgeteilt sind, und letzlich einen Schluss. In der Einführung stelle ich sowohl das Thema der Dissertation als auch meine eigene Position dar. Beim ersten Kapitel geht es dann in der Folge um den theoretischen und begrifflichen Unterschied zwischen Kosmopolitismus und Etatismus. Zudem stelle ich hierin das methodologische Verfahren, das in der Dissertation verwendet wird, dar. Das zweite Kapitel wird in sechs Unterkapitel unterteilt sein. Das erste Unterkapitel stellt einen Überblick über den Kosmopolitanismus und Etatismus dar. Bei dem zweiten und dritten Unterkapitel geht es um die Ansicht zweier Vertreter der Staatsbürger- Perspektive. Namentlich, John Rawls und Thomas Nagel. Im dritten und vierten Unterkapitel behandele ich zwei Kosmopolitaner: Charles Beitz und Thomas Pogge. Das sechste Unterkapitel diskutiert daraufhin Sabastiano Maffettones vermittelnde Ansicht zwischen kosmopolitanischer und staatsbürgerlicher Ansicht. Das dritte Kapitel stellt sich dem Thema des Ressourcenfluchs. Es stellt eine allgemeine Analyse des Selbigen vor und kontextualisiert sie im Gebiet der Sub-Sahara in Afrika. Genauer hin in Bezug auf Nigeria, Angola, und die demokratische Republick Kongo. Das vierte Kapitel basiert auf den deskriptiven Analysen des dritten Kapitels, um eine vorläufige präskriptive Analyse des Ressourcenfluchs darzustellen. Beim fünften Kapitel handelt es sich um eine Erweiterung dieser präskriptiven Analyse durch eine Überprüfung des moralischen Zusammenhangs zwischen Kausalität und Verantwortlichkeit auf verschiedenen Ebenen im Rahmen dieses Ressourcenfluchs. Das sechste Kapitel untersucht mögliche Argumente gegen meinen Versuch, Kosmopolitanismus und Etatismus zusammen zu denken. Es überprüft meine Hypothese, rekapituliert die Hauptthemen in der Dissertation und fasst den möglichen Gewinn dieser Horizontsverschmelzung von Kosmopolitanismus und Etatismus zusammen. Letztlich stellt der Schluß der Dissertation eine Abgrenzung dar. Und zwar, dass meine angenommene Horizontsverschmelzung eine neue Perspektive der globalen Gerechtigkeit sei, dass zunichtemachen Kosmopolitanismus und Etatismus. Und letztlich stellt der Schluß der Dissertation betont meine eigene Position dieser Dissertation

The Elements of Big Data Value

This open access book presents the foundations of the Big Data research and innovation ecosystem and the associated enablers that facilitate delivering value from data for business and society. It provides insights into the key elements for research and innovation, technical architectures, business models, skills, and best practices to support the creation of data-driven solutions and organizations. The book is a compilation of selected high-quality chapters covering best practices, technologies, experiences, and practical recommendations on research and innovation for big data. The contributions are grouped into four parts: · Part I: Ecosystem Elements of Big Data Value focuses on establishing the big data value ecosystem using a holistic approach to make it attractive and valuable to all stakeholders. · Part II: Research and Innovation Elements of Big Data Value details the key technical and capability challenges to be addressed for delivering big data value. · Part III: Business, Policy, and Societal Elements of Big Data Value investigates the need to make more efficient use of big data and understanding that data is an asset that has significant potential for the economy and society. · Part IV: Emerging Elements of Big Data Value explores the critical elements to maximizing the future potential of big data value. Overall, readers are provided with insights which can support them in creating data-driven solutions, organizations, and productive data ecosystems. The material represents the results of a collective effort undertaken by the European data community as part of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between the European Commission and the Big Data Value Association (BDVA) to boost data-driven digital transformation