384 research outputs found
Future Trends and Challenges for Mobile and Convergent Networks
Some traffic characteristics like real-time, location-based, and
community-inspired, as well as the exponential increase on the data traffic in
mobile networks, are challenging the academia and standardization communities
to manage these networks in completely novel and intelligent ways, otherwise,
current network infrastructures can not offer a connection service with an
acceptable quality for both emergent traffic demand and application requisites.
In this way, a very relevant research problem that needs to be addressed is how
a heterogeneous wireless access infrastructure should be controlled to offer a
network access with a proper level of quality for diverse flows ending at
multi-mode devices in mobile scenarios. The current chapter reviews recent
research and standardization work developed under the most used wireless access
technologies and mobile access proposals. It comprehensively outlines the
impact on the deployment of those technologies in future networking
environments, not only on the network performance but also in how the most
important requirements of several relevant players, such as, content providers,
network operators, and users/terminals can be addressed. Finally, the chapter
concludes referring the most notable aspects in how the environment of future
networks are expected to evolve like technology convergence, service
convergence, terminal convergence, market convergence, environmental awareness,
energy-efficiency, self-organized and intelligent infrastructure, as well as
the most important functional requisites to be addressed through that
infrastructure such as flow mobility, data offloading, load balancing and
vertical multihoming.Comment: In book 4G & Beyond: The Convergence of Networks, Devices and
Services, Nova Science Publishers, 201
Location Management in IP-based Future LEO Satellite Networks: A Review
Future integrated terrestrial, aerial, and space networks will involve
thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites forming a network of
mega-constellations, which will play a significant role in providing
communication and Internet services everywhere, at any time, and for
everything. Due to its very large scale and highly dynamic nature, future LEO
satellite networks (SatNets) management is a very complicated and crucial
process, especially the mobility management aspect and its two components
location management and handover management. In this article, we present a
comprehensive and critical review of the state-of-the-art research in LEO
SatNets location management. First, we give an overview of the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management standards (e.g., Mobile IPv6
and Proxy Mobile IPv6) and discuss their location management techniques
limitations in the environment of future LEO SatNets. We highlight future LEO
SatNets mobility characteristics and their challenging features and describe
two unprecedented future location management scenarios. A taxonomy of the
available location management solutions for LEO SatNets is presented, where the
solutions are classified into three approaches. The "Issues to consider"
section draws attention to critical points related to each of the reviewed
approaches that should be considered in future LEO SatNets location management.
To identify the gaps, the current state of LEO SatNets location management is
summarized. Noteworthy future research directions are recommended. This article
is providing a road map for researchers and industry to shape the future of LEO
SatNets location management.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the IEE
HDMM: deploying client and network-based distributed mobility management
Mobile operators are now facing the challenges posed by a huge data demand from users, mainly due to the introduction of modern portable devices and the success of mobile applications. Moreover, users are now capable to connect from different access networks and establish several active sessions simultaneously, while being mobile. This triggered the introduction of a new paradigm: the distributed mobility management (DMM) which aims at flattening the network and distributing the entities in charge of managing users' mobility. In this article, we review existing DMM proposals and describe a hybrid solution which benefits from combining a network-based and a client-based approach. We analyze the signaling cost and the handover latency of our proposal, comparing them with their centralized alternatives. We also include validation and performance results from experiments conducted with a Linux-based prototype, which show that achievable enhancements depend on the underlying network topology. We argue that the proposed hybrid DMM solution provides additional flexibility to the mobile network operators, which can decide when and how to combine these two approaches.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2009-5) under Grant agreement n. 258053 (MEDIEVAL project) and from the Spanish Government, MICINN, under research grant TIN2010-20136-C0
Segment Routing: a Comprehensive Survey of Research Activities, Standardization Efforts and Implementation Results
Fixed and mobile telecom operators, enterprise network operators and cloud
providers strive to face the challenging demands coming from the evolution of
IP networks (e.g. huge bandwidth requirements, integration of billions of
devices and millions of services in the cloud). Proposed in the early 2010s,
Segment Routing (SR) architecture helps face these challenging demands, and it
is currently being adopted and deployed. SR architecture is based on the
concept of source routing and has interesting scalability properties, as it
dramatically reduces the amount of state information to be configured in the
core nodes to support complex services. SR architecture was first implemented
with the MPLS dataplane and then, quite recently, with the IPv6 dataplane
(SRv6). IPv6 SR architecture (SRv6) has been extended from the simple steering
of packets across nodes to a general network programming approach, making it
very suitable for use cases such as Service Function Chaining and Network
Function Virtualization. In this paper we present a tutorial and a
comprehensive survey on SR technology, analyzing standardization efforts,
patents, research activities and implementation results. We start with an
introduction on the motivations for Segment Routing and an overview of its
evolution and standardization. Then, we provide a tutorial on Segment Routing
technology, with a focus on the novel SRv6 solution. We discuss the
standardization efforts and the patents providing details on the most important
documents and mentioning other ongoing activities. We then thoroughly analyze
research activities according to a taxonomy. We have identified 8 main
categories during our analysis of the current state of play: Monitoring,
Traffic Engineering, Failure Recovery, Centrally Controlled Architectures, Path
Encoding, Network Programming, Performance Evaluation and Miscellaneous...Comment: SUBMITTED TO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIAL
Moving Target Defense for Securing SCADA Communications
In this paper, we introduce a framework for building a secure and private peer to peer communication used in supervisory control and data acquisition networks with a novel Mobile IPv6-based moving target defense strategy. Our approach aids in combating remote cyber-attacks against peer hosts by thwarting any potential attacks at their reconnaissance stage. The IP address of each host is randomly changed at a certain interval creating a moving target to make it difficult for an attacker to find the host. At the same time, the peer host is updated through the use of the binding update procedure (standard Mobile IPv6 protocol). Compared with existing results that can incur significant packet-loss during address rotations, the proposed solution is loss-less. Improving privacy and anonymity for communicating hosts by removing permanent IP addresses from all packets is also one of the major contributions of this paper. Another contribution is preventing black hole attacks and bandwidth depletion DDoS attacks through the use of extra paths between the peer hosts. Recovering the communication after rebooting a host is also a new contribution of this paper. Lab-based simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method in action, including its overheads. The testbed experiments show zero packet-loss rate during handoff delay
Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan
The concept of revolutionizing 5G (Fifth Generation) networks through a synergy of routing, clustering, and energy optimization is indeed a promising approach to enhancing the performance and lifespan of wireless networks. Exciting changes will occur in the physical, digital, and biological worlds over the next ten years. Although the needs for Beyond 5G (B5G) are not yet fully understood, an effort has been made to stratify 5G progression and B5G. This work highlights the focus on revolutionizing 5G networks through the integration of routing, clustering, and energy optimization techniques. By combining these methodologies, this research work aims to address the complex challenges in 5G networking, such as efficient data routing, resource allocation, and energy consumption. The objective is to achieve both exceptional performance and an extended lifespan for these networks. The proposed work holds promise for significantly enhancing the capabilities of 5G networks, resulting in improved user experiences, optimized resource utilization, and prolonged network lifespan. In order to completely meet the most stringent 5G standards, such as stratification, or deconstruction into existing technologies, will comprise technology scenarios of 5G evolutions. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which offer essential data collecting and monitoring capabilities, are made up entirely of 5G networks. These methods are designed specifically for use in 5G networks to increase the network’s lifespan and overall performance. For 5G networks, routing and clustering techniques from WSNs can be modified and optimized to increase energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime in 5G networks
A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations
Driven by the special requirements of the Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), the IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) was standardized by the IETF some six years ago to tackle the routing issue in such networks. Since its introduction, however, numerous studies have pointed out that, in its current form, RPL suffers from issues that limit its efficiency and domain of applicability. Thus, several solutions have been proposed in the literature in an attempt to overcome these identified limitations. In this survey, we aim mainly to provide a comprehensive review of these research proposals assessing whether such proposals have succeeded in overcoming the standard reported limitations related to its core operations. Although some of RPL’s weaknesses have been addressed successfully, the study found that the proposed solutions remain deficient in overcoming several others. Hence, the study investigates where such proposals still fall short, the challenges and pitfalls to avoid, thus would help researchers formulate a clear foundation for the development of further successful extensions in future allowing the protocol to be applied more widely
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