Detailed examination of a packet collision model for Bluetooth Low Energy advertising mode

The aim of this paper is to investigate the amount of energy that is required to successfully transmit information inside the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertising packets. There are applications that require more than one BLE node to simultaneously transmit data. The BLE protocol utilizes a specific communication method termed advertising mode to perform unidirectional broadcasts of data from the advertising devices. However, with an increased number of BLE devices advertising simultaneously, there will be inevitable packet collisions from the advertising devices. This results in a waste of energy, specifically in low-power applications where lower consumption is desirable to minimize the need for battery replacements. This paper examines a packet collision model for the BLE advertising mode with the results validated using experimental data. Our analysis shows that when the throughput of the BLE network starts to fall due to an increase in the number of packet collisions, the energy consumption of the BLE nodes increase exponentially with respect to the number of nodes

Semantically Intelligent Distributed Leader Election (SIDLE) Algorithm for WSAN Part of IoT Systems

This paper introduces the deployment of a group of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) part of Internet of Thing (IoT) systems in rural regions deployed by a drone dropping sensors and actuators at a certain position as a mesh of a hexagonal form. Nodes are heterogeneous in hardware and functionality thus not all nodes are able to transfer data directly to the base station. Primitive ones are only capable of collecting local data. However, ones that are more sophisticated are equipped with long-range radio telemetry and more computational power. Power optimization is one of the crucial factors in designing WSANs. Total power consumption must be minimized, as sensors are self-managed. It is not feasible to collect sensors on time bases and recharge the batteries. Therefore, energy consumption optimization and harvesting green energy are other factors that are considered. In this regard, protocols are designed in a way to support such requirements. The preprocessed data are first collected and combined by the leaders at each hexagonal cell. Then, the information packets are sent to the head clusters. Consequently, head clusters reprocess the received information and depict a better global view of the zone, using a variety of the received information. Finally, the processed information is sent to the nearest base station or a mobile drone.Comment: The First International Conference of Smart City, 2019, Apadana University, Shiraz, Iran https://www.civilica.com/Paper-SMARTCITYC01-SMARTCITYC01_100.htm

Novel approach for hybrid MAC scheme for balanced energy and transmission in sensor devices

Hybrid medium access control (MAC) scheme is one of the prominent mechanisms to offer energy efficiency in wireless sensor network where the potential features for both contention-based and schedule-based approaches are mechanized. However, the review of existing hybrid MAC scheme shows many loopholes where mainly it is observed that there is too much inclusion of time-slotting or else there is an inclusion of sophisticated mechanism not meant for offering flexibility to sensor node towards extending its services for upcoming applications of it. Therefore, this manuscript introduces a novel hybrid MAC scheme which is meant for offering cost effective and simplified scheduling operation in order to balance the performance of energy efficiency along with data aggregation performance. The simulated outcome of the study shows that proposed system offers better energy consumption, better throughput, reduced memory consumption, and faster processing in contrast to existing hybrid MAC protocols

Service embedding in IoT networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the cornerstone of smart applications such as smart buildings, smart factories, home automation, and healthcare automation. These smart applications express their demands in terms of high-level requests. Application requests in service-oriented IoT architectures are translated into a business process (BP) workflow. In this paper, we model such a BP as a virtual network containing a set of virtual nodes and links connected in a specific topology. These virtual nodes represent the requested processing and locations where sensing and/or actuation are needed. The virtual links capture the requested communication requirements between nodes. We introduce a framework, optimized using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), that embeds the BPs from the virtual layer into a lower-level implementation at the IoT physical layer. We formulate the problem of finding the optimal set of IoT nodes and links to embed BPs into the IoT layer considering three objective functions: i) minimizing network and processing power consumption only, ii) minimizing mean traffic latency only, iii) minimizing a weighted combination of power consumption and traffic latency to study the trade-off between minimizing the power consumption and minimizing the traffic latency. We have established, as reference, a scenario where service embedding is performed to meet all the demands with no consideration to power consumption or latency. Compared to this reference scenario, our results indicate that the power savings achieved by our energy efficient embedding scenario is 42% compared with the energy-latency unaware service embedding (ELUSE) reference scenario, while our low latency embedding reduced the traffic latency by an average of 47% compared to the ELUSE scenario. Our combined energy efficient low latency service embedding approach achieved high optimality by jointly realizing 91% of the power and latency reductions obtained under the single objective of minimizing power consumption or latency

Kablosuz çokluortam algılayıcı ağlar için QoS destekli ve uyarlanabilir MAC protokolü tasarımı

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Kablosuz Çokluortam Algılayıcı Ağları farklı servis kalitesi ve aciliyet kısıtları olan heterojen veri taşımaktadır. Geleneksel Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağları enerji tüketimini en aza indirmeye odaklanırken Kablosuz Çokluortam Algılayıcı Ağları çokluortam iletime servis kalitesi sağlamaya odaklanmaktadır. Aciliyet zorlukları ile mücadele etmek için, bu tez çalışmasında urgMAC adı verilen yeni bir trafik ve servis kalitesi farkındalıklı katmanlar arası etkileşimli ortam erişim katmanı protokolü sunulmaktadır. urgMAC, uygulama katmanında doğa gözleme, askeri sınır güvenliği ve sınır gözleme gibi uygulamaya özgü aciliyet zorlukları içeren uygulamalar için dinamik olarak video kalitesi ödünü ile birlikte sürekli servis kalitesi desteği sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla urgMAC İki Aşamalı Servis Farklılaştırma, Uyarlamalı Veri İletim Hızı Oranı Ayarlama, Aciliyet Temelli Çekişme Penceresi Boyutu Uyarlama, Trafik Tipi Uyarlamalı Görev Döngüsü ve Çokluortam Mesaj Gönderimi adlı yeni mekanizmalar içermektedir. urgMAC Riverbed Modeler modelleme ve benzetim yazılımı ile modellenmiştir. Başarım değerlendirmesi kapsamında literatürdeki en son çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmış, uçtan uca gecikme ve kanal kullanımı açısından daha iyi sonuçlar sunduğu görülmüştür.Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network is a kind of Wireless Sensor Network generating heterogeneous traffic with diverse urgency and quality of service requirements. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks offer QoS support for multimedia traffic while Wireless Sensor Networks try to minimize energy consumption considering the resource constrained nature of sensor nodes, unreliable wireless links and unpredictable environments. A new traffic and QoS-aware cross layer Medium Access Control protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks namely urgMAC is proposed in this thesis to cope with urgency challenges. The urgMAC provides continuous QoS support for applications such as habitat monitoring, military border surveillance and border monitoring containing specific urgency challenges with multimedia quality tradeoff at the application layer dynamically. Multimedia traffic transmission challenges are mostly related to application layer. The urgMAC utilizes application layer to provide better QoS in MAC layer, in case of congestion or queue overflows. The urgMAC is based on a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) approach. The urgMAC provides new mechanisms called Two Tiered Service Differentiation, Adaptive Data Rate Adjustment, Urgency-based Contention Window Size Adaptation, Traffic Type Adaptive Duty Cycle and Multimedia Message Passing. The urgMAC has been modeled and simulated by Riverbed modeling and simulation software. In addition, the urgMAC is compared with the recent protocols in the literature, and it achieves better results in terms of end-to-end delay and channel utilization

Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions

Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers, involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems. SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things (IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues, challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems