EU Commercial Policy in a Multipolar Trading System

In recent years the bipolar multilateral trading system of the post-war years has given way to a multipolar alternative. Although many specifics have yet to be determined, some contours of this new trade policy landscape are coming into focus and in this short essay I examine their implications for the European Union's external commercial policy. Particular attention is given to both the state of business-government relations and the propensity to liberalise under the auspices of reciprocal trade agreements by Brazil, India, and China; the potential new poles of the world trading system. I consider the likely consequences of these developments, plus factors internal to both the European Union and the United States, for the possible content of future multilateral trade initiatives.WTO, European Union, regional trade agreements, BRICs

India: A New Player in Asian Production Networks?, Studies in Trade and Investment 75

While the IPN phenomenon has accelerated trade and investment linkages between countries in East and South-East Asia, the remainder of the region has not matched those countries in this process. The objective of this study is to explore the reasons for this by using India’s performance in the Asian IPNs as a case study for other countries that are trailing behind in this area. The study seeks to identify the reasons why India has performed below its potential in this new form of international division of labour, even though that country possess several supportive factors including: (a) the sheer size of the economy and population; (b) a large pool of engineers; (c) relatively sound intellectual property protection; and (d) an increasingly open trade and investment climate resulting from progressive economic reforms.production network, fragmentation of production, Asia, value chain, India manufacturing sector, China, India, Offshoring, MNCs, FDI

An Analysis of India-South Korea Trade Relation

This research paper is a comprehensive study of trade relations between India and South Korea especially after their CEPA Agreement in 2009. This paper highlights the strong industries of both countries in terms of mutual trade with the trading pattern in the last decade. The paper also highlights the marginalized sectors that have the capacity to benefit from trading agreements with barriers that are holding the prospective achievements that can be achieved in this Free Trade Agreement. This Paper Also highlights the prospective areas of cooperation between both countries that can multiply the achievements under the agreement

International dairy product aid & trade 1960s~1990s: focusing on the EU and India in operation flood

This thesis investigates the interrelationship between dairy aid and trade. After WW-II US dairy aid contributed to rises in consumption and sales in the Pacific; US domestic politics and Cold War strategy influenced aid programmes. Similarly, when dairy surpluses in the EEC (also known as the EC; currently the EU) coincided with shortages in India in the 1960s, the EEC sought to: maintain the CAP status quo, dispose of its "Butter Mountain", and earn political cachet such as the US enjoyed via PL 480 food aid - while assisting India. Proceeds from "monetised" EEC butter oil and milk powder donations were to be invested in Indian dairy infrastructure. As the largest Asian country with a "dairy culture", India was a suitable setting for Operation Flood (OF), the world's largest dairy development programme ca. 1970- 1996. Because so much debate on aid, trade and development can be illustrated by OF, this thesis chose India as its case study. Claims that dairying could benefit women and minorities attracted World Bank loans, but subjected OF to virulent charges of unmet goals. Worse, warned OF detractors, India could become permanently dependent on Europe’s lactic largess. OF officials countered that they were successfully carrying out their original mission to improve the dairy marketing system of India. Thesis maps and charts based on the Agrostat-PC database (FAQ) show India increased dairy production and consumption significantly during OF. As some comparable countries declined, India moved toward self-sufficiency and status as the world's number two milk producer. Proper pricing by Indian authorities ensured that dairy aid was not a long-term disincentive to farmers and, in the end, increased dairy autonomy. Prospects for "replication" of Operation Flood are limited by a lack of settings suitable for such programmes, and by reduced stocks available for aid. But dairy aid will have a continued role in emergency aid, and in structural adjustment in those poor countries whose food security declines as GATTAVTO liberalises international agricultural trade

Promotion of Trade and Investments between China and India: The Case of Southwest China and East and Northeast India

Open regionalism and integration between the world’s two largest developing countries - the People’s Republic of China (China) and India - in trade, investments and infrastructure development can foster outward-oriented development and economic and social benefits that could result in poverty reduction. In view of the increasing trend toward regional integration, particularly the expanded European Union and North American integration, the opportunity costs of not moving toward greater economic integration between China and India involving common neighbouring countries could be increasing. This paper discusses the above subject in the context of possible areas of China - India economic cooperation and integration in the Eastern and Northeastern region of India and Southwestern provinces of China, including neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Nepal.India, China, economic cooperation and integration, trade, investment and infrastructure development

Transnational Policy Articulations: India, Agriculture, and the WTO

Agriculture remains one of the most contentious issues in the ongoing negotiations of the World Trade Organization, with serious implications for food security and the livelihood of farmers in the developing world. This dissertation examines the formation of agricultural trade policy and the politics and arguments surrounding it within the context of India’s position in the World Trade Organization (WTO). The research has two components. A set of archival documents relating to India’s participation in a WTO institution called the Trade Policy Review (TPR) was analyzed. In addition, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a number of Indian experts and officials involved in agricultural trade policy. This project suggests a number of tentative conclusions with implications for political geography and particularly for the literature on policy transfer, neoliberalism, and Neo-Gramscian models of international relations. First, it finds that the WTO Secretariat plays a key role in promoting neoliberal ideas within the TPR institution and that the forms of argumentation used here can help to explain the resiliency of neoliberalism in the face of policy failure. Second, it shows that the Indian government has not accepted neoliberal policy models wholesale, but has exercised autonomy, selectivity, and adaptation in its liberalization programs. Third, it demonstrates that neoliberal ideas do not always favor the positions of developed countries. Finally, it supports the narrative of increasing developing country bargaining in the WTO and shows that the Indian representatives bolster their arguments by articulating them as being in the interest of the developing world in general

Wrestling with Japanese Tribalism Emerging Collaborative Opportunities For India and Japan

Japanese firms, with their strong technology base and high domestic factor costs, have the potential of teaming with India, with its more basic infrastructure and eight times the population. Japan's poorly-performing excess capital could fuel India's strongly-developing middle class and robust entrepreneurialism. Especially promising are collaborative information technology projects. What stands in the way of a greatly expanded relationship? Much of the blockage stems from Japan's insularism, an impetus here labeled tribalism. A hopeful dimension is that this tribalism can be clearly defined as archaic, recognized as detrimental, and then toned-down. Further points for development include an active campaign to encourage diversity in Japan, teaming up to provide alternatives to investment in neighboring China, and agitating for representation on the UN Security Council. India can help initiate all these processes, and can in turn benefit from a Japan reaching out for regional economic partnerships.homogeneity; tribalism; UN Security Council; partnership; immigration; trade; e-Japan strategy