Advances on Network Protocols and Algorithms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging area of wireless ad hoc networks that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between smart vehicles through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R) and Roadside-to- Vehicle (R2V) communications. This emerging field of technology aims to improve safety of passengers and traffic flow, reduces pollution to the environment and enables in-vehicle entertainment applications. The safety-related applications could reduce accidents by providing drivers with traffic information such as collision avoidances, traffic flow alarms and road surface conditions. Moreover, the passengers could exploit an available infrastructure in order to connect to the internet for infomobility and entertainment applications.Lloret, J.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Rawat, DB.; Xia, F. (2013). Advances on Network Protocols and Algorithms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications. 18(6):749-754. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0490-7S749754186Lloret J, Canovas A, Catalá A, Garcia M (2013) Group-based protocol and mobility model for VANETs to offer internet access. J Netw Comput Appl 36(3):1027–1038. doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2012.02.009Khokhar RH, Zia T, Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J, Shiraz M (2013) Realistic and efficient radio propagation model for V2X communications. KSII Trans Internet Inform Syst 7(8):1933–1953. doi: 10.3837/tiis.2013.08.011Ghafoor KZ (2013) Routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks: survey and research challenges, Netw Protocol Algorithm 5(4). doi: 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4134Ghafoor KZ, Bakar KA, Lloret J, Ke C-H, Lee KC (2013) Intelligent beaconless geographical routing for urban vehicular environments. Wirel Netw 19(3):345–362. doi: 10.1007/s11276-012-0470-zGhafoor KZ, Bakar KA, Lee K, AL-Hashimi H (2010) A novel delay- and reliability- aware inter-vehicle routing protocol. Netw Protocol Algorithms 2(2):66–88. doi: 10.5296/npa.v2i2.427Dias JAFF, Rodrigues JJPC, Isento JN, Pereira PRBA, Lloret J (2011) Performance assessment of fragmentation mechanisms for vehicular delay-tolerant networks. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2011(195):1–14. doi: 10.1186/1687-1499-2011-195Zhang D, Yang Z, Raychoudhury V, Chen Z, Lloret J (2013) An energy-efficient routing protocol using movement trend in vehicular Ad-hoc networks. Comput J 58(8):938–946. doi: 10.1093/comjnl/bxt028Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J, Bakar KA, Sadiq AS, Mussa SAB (2013) Beaconing approaches in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: a survey. Wirel Pers Commun. doi: 10.1007/s11277-013-1222-9Sadiq AS, Bakar KA, Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J (2013) An intelligent vertical handover scheme for audio and video streaming in heterogeneous vehicular networks. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0465-8Khamayseh YM (2013) Network size estimation in VANETs. Netw Protocol Algorithm 5(3):136–152. doi: 10.5296/npa.v5i6.3838Rawat DB, Popescu DC, Yan G, Olariu S (2011) Enhancing VANET performance by joint adaptation of transmission power and contention window size. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 22(9):1528–1535Yan G, Rawat DB, Bista BB. Provisioning vehicular ad hoc networks with quality of services. Int J Space-Based Situated Comput 2(2):104–111Rawat DB, Bista BB, Yan G, Weigle MC (2011) Securing vehicular ad-hoc networks against malicious drivers: a probabilistic approach, International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems Pp. 146–151. June 30, 2011Sun W, Xia F, Ma J, Fu T, Sun Y. An optimal ODAM-based broadcast algorithm for vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. KSII Trans Internet Inform Syst 6(12): 3257–3274Vinel AV, Dudin AN, Andreev SD, Xia F (2010) Performance modeling methodology of emergency dissemination algorithms for vehicular ad-hoc networks, 6th Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2010), Pp. 397–400AL-Hashimi HN, Bakar KA, Ghafoor KZ (2010) Inter-domain proxy mobile IPv6 based vehicular network. Netw Protocol Algorithm 2(4):1–15. doi: 10.5296/npa.v2i4.488Ghafoor KZ, Bakar KA, Mohammed MA, Lloret J (2013) Vehicular cloud computing: trends and challenges, in the book “mobile computing over cloud: technologies, services, and applications”. IGI GlobalYan G, Rawat DB, Bista BB (2012) Towards secure vehicular clouds, Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS 2012), Pp. 370–375Fernández H, Rubio L, Reig J, Rodrigo-Peñarrocha VM, Valero A (2013) Path loss modeling for vehicular system performance and communication protocols evaluation. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0463-xAllouche Y, Segal M (2013) A cluster-based beaconing approach in VANETs: near optimal topology via proximity information. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0468-5Merah AF, Samarah S, Boukerche A, Mammeri A (2013) A sequential patterns data mining approach towards vehicular route prediction in VANETs. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0459-6Zhang D, Huang H, Zhou J, Xia F, Chen Z (2013) Detecting hot road mobility of vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0467-6El Ajaltouni H, Boukerche A, Mammeri A (2013) A multichannel QoS MAC with dynamic transmit opportunity for. Mobile Netw Appl. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0475-6Reñé S, Esparza O, Alins J, Mata-Díaz J, Muñoz JL (2013) VSPLIT: a cross-layer architecture for V2I TCP services over. 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Privacy and trustworthiness management in moving object environments

The use of location-based services (LBS) (e.g., Intel\u27s Thing Finder) is expanding. Besides the traditional centralized location-based services, distributed ones are also emerging due to the development of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), a dynamic network which allows vehicles to communicate with one another. Due to the nature of the need of tracking users\u27 locations, LBS have raised increasing concerns on users\u27 location privacy. Although many research has been carried out for users to submit their locations anonymously, the collected anonymous location data may still be mapped to individuals when the adversary has related background knowledge. To improve location privacy, in this dissertation, the problem of anonymizing the collected location datasets is addressed so that they can be published for public use without violating any privacy concerns. Specifically, a privacy-preserving trajectory publishing algorithm is proposed that preserves high data utility rate. Moreover, the scalability issue is tackled in the case the location datasets grows gigantically due to continuous data collection as well as increase of LBS users by developing a distributed version of our trajectory publishing algorithm which leveraging the MapReduce technique. As a consequence of users being anonymous, it becomes more challenging to evaluate the trustworthiness of messages disseminated by anonymous users. Existing research efforts are mainly focused on privacy-preserving authentication of users which helps in tracing malicious vehicles only after the damage is done. However, it is still not sufficient to prevent malicious behavior from happening in the case where attackers do not care whether they are caught later on. Therefore, it would be more effective to also evaluate the content of the message. In this dissertation, a novel information-oriented trustworthiness evaluation is presented which enables each individual user to evaluate the message content and make informed decisions --Abstract, page iii

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

Optimisation of Mobile Communication Networks - OMCO NET

The mini conference “Optimisation of Mobile Communication Networks” focuses on advanced methods for search and optimisation applied to wireless communication networks. It is sponsored by Research & Enterprise Fund Southampton Solent University. The conference strives to widen knowledge on advanced search methods capable of optimisation of wireless communications networks. The aim is to provide a forum for exchange of recent knowledge, new ideas and trends in this progressive and challenging area. The conference will popularise new successful approaches on resolving hard tasks such as minimisation of transmit power, cooperative and optimal routing

PaFiR : Particle Filter Routing – a predictive relaying scheme for UAV-assisted IoT communications in future innovated networks

Increasing urbanization, smart cities and other cutting-edge technologies offer the prospect of providing more functions to benefit citizens by relying on the substantial data processing and exchange capabilities now possible. This can generate significant unpredictable and unbalanced data loads for the bearing IoT network to support its application and service demands. We thus propose a wireless routing scheme designed to use the Particle Filter algorithm to empower portable smart devices with intelligent capacities for the radio communication system. This facilitates the offloading of traffic from traditional wireless networks and enables the IoT system to adopt unmanned aerial vehicles, thus also offering further innovation to flying network platforms. The proposed PaFiR routing protocol offers the network more scalability, tolerance and resilience, to achieve the goal of smart relaying. Simulation results that demonstrate the routing algorithm designed offers excellent performance when compared with existing wireless relaying schemes. It provides delivery ratios that are improved by up to 40% without unmanageable increases in latency or overheads

SDN-based VANET routing: A comprehensive survey on architectures, protocols, analysis, and future challenges

As the automotive and telecommunication industries advance, more vehicles are becoming connected, leading to the realization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) supports various ITS services, including safety, convenience, and infotainment services for drivers and passengers. Generally, such services are realized through data sharing among vehicles and nearby infrastructures or vehicles over multi-hop data routing mechanisms. Vehicular data routing faces many challenges caused by vehicle dynamicity, intermittent connectivity, and diverse application requirements. Consequently, the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm offers unique features such as programmability and flexibility to enhance vehicular network performance and management and meet the quality of services (QoS) requirements of various VANET services. Recently, VANET routing protocols have been improved using the multilevel knowledge and an up-to-date global view of traffic conditions offered by SDN technology. The primary objective of this study is to furnish comprehensive information regarding the current SDN-based VANET routing protocols, encompassing intricate details of their underlying mechanisms, forwarding algorithms, and architectural considerations. Each protocol will be thoroughly examined individually, elucidating its strengths, weaknesses, and proposed enhancements. Also, the software-defined vehicular network (SDVN) architectures are presented according to their operation modes and controlling degree. Then, the potential of SDN-based VANET is explored from the aspect of routing and the design requirements of routing protocols in SDVNs. SDVN routing algorithms are uniquely classified according to various criteria. In addition, a complete comparative analysis will be achieved to analyze the protocols regarding performance, optimization, and simulation results. Finally, the challenges and upcoming research directions for developing such protocols are widely stated here. By presenting such insights, this paper provides a comprehensive overview and inspires researchers to enhance existing protocols and explore novel solutions, thereby paving the way for innovation in this field

Cooperative Vehicle Tracking in Large Environments

Vehicle position tracking and prediction over large areas is of significant importance in many industrial applications, such as mining operations. In a small area, this can be easily achieved by providing vehicles with a constant communication link to a control centre and having the vehicles broadcast their position. The problem changes dramatically when vehicles operate within a large environment of potentially hundreds of square kilometres and in difficult terrain. This thesis presents algorithms for cooperative tracking of vehicles based on a vehicle motion model that incorporates the properties of the working area, and information collected by infrastructure collection points and other mobile agents. The probabilistic motion prediction approach provides long-term estimates of vehicle positions using motion profiles built for the particular environment and considering the vehicle stopping probability. A limited number of data collection points distributed around the field are used to update the position estimates, with negative information also used to improve the estimation. The thesis introduces the concept of observation harvesting, a process in which peer-to-peer communication between vehicles allows egocentric position updates and inter-vehicle measurements to be relayed among vehicles and finally conveyed to the collection points for an improved position estimate. It uses a store-and-synchronise concept to deal with intermittent communication and aims to disseminate data in an opportunistic manner. A nonparametric filtering algorithm for cooperative tracking is proposed to incorporate the information harvested, including the negative, relative, and time delayed observations. An important contribution of this thesis is to enable the optimisation of fleet scheduling when full coverage networks are not available or feasible. The proposed approaches were validated with comprehensive experimental results using data collected from a large-scale mining operation