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Enterprise application reuse: Semantic discovery of business grid services
Web services have emerged as a prominent paradigm for the development of distributed software systems as they provide the potential for software to be modularized in a way that functionality can be described, discovered and deployed in a platform independent manner over a network (e.g., intranets, extranets and the Internet). This paper examines an extension of this paradigm to encompass âGrid Servicesâ, which enables software capabilities to be recast with an operational focus and support a heterogeneous mix of business software and data, termed a Business Grid - "the grid of semantic services". The current industrial representation of services is predominantly syntactic however, lacking the fundamental semantic underpinnings required to fulfill the goals of any semantically-oriented Grid. Consequently, the use of semantic technology in support of business software heterogeneity is investigated as a likely tool to support a diverse and distributed software inventory and user. Service discovery architecture is therefore developed that is (a) distributed in form, (2) supports distributed service knowledge and (3) automatically extends service knowledge (as greater descriptive precision is inferred from the operating application system). This discovery engine is used to execute several real-word scenarios in order to develop and test a framework for engineering such grid service knowledge. The examples presented comprise software components taken from a group of Investment Banking systems. Resulting from the research is a framework for engineering servic
A Taxonomy of Workflow Management Systems for Grid Computing
With the advent of Grid and application technologies, scientists and
engineers are building more and more complex applications to manage and process
large data sets, and execute scientific experiments on distributed resources.
Such application scenarios require means for composing and executing complex
workflows. Therefore, many efforts have been made towards the development of
workflow management systems for Grid computing. In this paper, we propose a
taxonomy that characterizes and classifies various approaches for building and
executing workflows on Grids. We also survey several representative Grid
workflow systems developed by various projects world-wide to demonstrate the
comprehensiveness of the taxonomy. The taxonomy not only highlights the design
and engineering similarities and differences of state-of-the-art in Grid
workflow systems, but also identifies the areas that need further research.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figure
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A classification of emerging and traditional grid systems
The grid has evolved in numerous distinct phases. It started in the early â90s as a model of metacomputing in which supercomputers share resources; subsequently, researchers added the ability to share data. This is usually referred to as the first-generation grid. By the late â90s, researchers had outlined the framework for second-generation grids, characterized by their use of grid middleware systems to âglueâ different grid technologies together. Third-generation grids originated in the early millennium when Web technology was combined with second-generation grids. As a result, the invisible grid, in which grid complexity is fully hidden through resource virtualization, started receiving attention. Subsequently, grid researchers identified the requirement for semantically rich knowledge grids, in which middleware technologies are more intelligent and autonomic. Recently, the necessity for grids to support and extend the ambient intelligence vision has emerged. In AmI, humans are surrounded by computing technologies that are unobtrusively embedded in their surroundings.
However, third-generation gridsâ current architecture doesnât meet the requirements of next-generation grids (NGG) and service-oriented knowledge utility (SOKU).4 A few years ago, a group of independent experts, arranged by the European Commission, identified these shortcomings as a way to identify potential European grid research priorities for 2010 and beyond. The experts envision grid systemsâ information, knowledge, and processing capabilities as a set of utility services.3 Consequently, new grid systems are emerging to materialize these visions. Here, we review emerging grids and classify them to motivate further research and help establish a solid foundation in this rapidly evolving area
Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey
The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services
provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human
and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart
environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of
connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have
been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data.
In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as
Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to
enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be
considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most
important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects.
This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware
sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for
communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and
architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware
technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and
characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and
service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT
based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of
CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268,
Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017
Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey
The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services
provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human
and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart
environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of
connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have
been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data.
In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as
Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to
enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be
considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most
important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects.
This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware
sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for
communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and
architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware
technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and
characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and
service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT
based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of
CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268,
Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017
Towards a service-oriented e-infrastructure for multidisciplinary environmental research
Research e-infrastructures are considered to have generic and thematic parts. The generic part provids high-speed networks, grid (large-scale distributed computing) and database systems (digital repositories and data transfer systems) applicable to all research commnities irrespective of discipline. Thematic parts are specific deployments of e-infrastructures to support diverse virtual research communities. The needs of a virtual community of multidisciplinary envronmental researchers are yet to be investigated. We envisage and argue for an e-infrastructure that will enable environmental researchers to develop environmental models and software entirely out of existing components through loose coupling of diverse digital resources based on the service-oriented achitecture. We discuss four specific aspects for consideration for a future e-infrastructure: 1) provision of digital resources (data, models & tools) as web services, 2) dealing with stateless and non-transactional nature of web services using workflow management systems, 3) enabling web servce discovery, composition and orchestration through semantic registries, and 4) creating synergy with existing grid infrastructures
Preliminary specification and design documentation for software components to achieve catallaxy in computational systems
This Report is about the preliminary specifications and design documentation for software components to achieve Catallaxy in computational systems. -- Die Arbeit beschreibt die Spezifikation und das Design von Softwarekomponenten, um das Konzept der Katallaxie in Grid Systemen umzusetzen. Eine EinfĂŒhrung ordnet das Konzept der Katallaxie in bestehende Grid Taxonomien ein und stellt grundlegende Komponenten vor. AnschlieĂend werden diese Komponenten auf ihre Anwendbarkeit in bestehenden Application Layer Netzwerken untersucht.Grid Computing
Semantic-Based, Scalable, Decentralized and Dynamic Resource Discovery for Internet-Based Distributed System
Resource Discovery (RD) is a key issue in Internet-based distributed sytems such as
grid. RD is about locating an appropriate resource/service type that matches the user's
application requirements. This is very important, as resource reservation and task
scheduling are based on it. Unfortunately, RD in grid is very challenging as resources
and users are distributed, resources are heterogeneous in their platforms, status of the
resources is dynamic (resources can join or leave the system without any prior notice)
and most recently the introduction of a new type of grid called intergrid (grid of grids)
with the use of multi middlewares. Such situation requires an RD system that has rich
interoperability, scalability, decentralization and dynamism features. However,
existing grid RD systems have difficulties to attain these features. Not only that, they
lack the review and evaluation studies, which may highlight the gap in achieving the
required features. Therefore, this work discusses the problem associated with intergrid
RD from two perspectives. First, reviewing and classifying the current grid RD
systems in such a way that may be useful for discussing and comparing them. Second,
propose a novel RD framework that has the aforementioned required RD features. In
the former, we mainly focus on the studies that aim to achieve interoperability in the
first place, which are known as RD systems that use semantic information (semantic
technology). In particular, we classify such systems based on their qualitative use of
the semantic information. We evaluate the classified studies based on their degree of
accomplishment of interoperability and the other RD requirements, and draw the
future research direction of this field. Meanwhile in the latter, we name the new
framework as semantic-based scalable decentralized dynamic RD. The framework
further contains two main components which are service description, and service
registration and discovery models. The earlier consists of a set of ontologies and
services. Ontologies are used as a data model for service description, whereas the
services are to accomplish the description process. The service registration is also based on ontology, where nodes of the service (service providers) are classified to
some classes according to the ontology concepts, which means each class represents a
concept in the ontology. Each class has a head, which is elected among its own class
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nodes/members. Head plays the role of a registry in its class and communicates with
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the other heads of the classes in a peer to peer manner during the discovery process.
We further introduce two intelligent agents to automate the discovery process which
are Request Agent (RA) and Description Agent (DA). Eaclj. node is supposed to have
both agents. DA describes the service capabilities based on the ontology, and RA
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carries the service requests based on the ontology as well. We design a service search
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algorithm for the RA that starts the service look up from the class of request origin
first, then to the other classes.
We finally evaluate the performance of our framework ~ith extensive simulation
experiments, the result of which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed system in
satisfying the required RD features (interoperability, scalability, decentralization and
dynamism). In short, our main contributions are outlined new key taxonomy for the
semantic-based grid RD studies; an interoperable semantic description RD component
model for intergrid services metadata representation; a semantic distributed registry
architecture for indexing service metadata; and an agent-qased service search and
selection algorithm.
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