Application of nanomaterials in the development of biosensors for food safety and quality control

Nanotechnology contribute to significant impacts in every way in our daily life. Recently, the application of nanotechnology in biosensors has been a trend in developing a highly sensitive, selective, quick response, inexpensive, high volume production, great reliability and miniaturized sensors. High demands on the production of rapid sensors for food safety and quality control purposes are increasingly become the interest for researchers all over the world. This is because, in food sector, the quality of a certain product is based on their periodic chemical and microbilogical analysis. The uses of nanomaterials in biosensors are very promising because they mediate current flow. Surface modification of the electrode based on various nanomaterials including nanoparticle, nanofiber, nanowire and nanotube significantly increase the performance of the biosensor. Ultimately, this implementation will enhance the sensor's sensitivity and stability. This review explores the previous research and development work on nanomaterials-based sensors for food applications

A framework of criteria for the sustainability assessment of nanoproducts

AbstractNanotechnology applications (nanoproducts) have entered the market or are expected to do so in the near future. Robust and science-based criteria are required to appraise and manage their sustainability. This paper describes the approach used to develop a comprehensive and reliable framework of criteria, which was missing until now, for evaluating the sustainability of nanoproducts. A literature review of the frameworks and tools employed to assess nanoproducts sustainability implications was firstly performed to select an initial set of criteria. A survey of experts in the sustainable nanotechnology domain was then conducted to elicit their knowledge in terms of completeness, reliability and validity of the criteria set. Ranking and correlation analyses completed the research by identifying the parameters of major interest as well as the links and dependencies between them. A total of 54 and 65 experts replied to the pilot and main survey, respectively. The reliability and validity of the criteria was assessed with the responses from both questionnaires, whereas the answers from the main survey were used to calculate the relative index of the criteria as well as their correlations. This research resulted in a framework composed of 68 criteria, which are structured into six main areas: (i) economic performance; (ii) environmental impacts, (iii) environmental risk assessment; (iv) human health risk assessment; (v) social implications and (vi) technical performance. This study helps to broaden the understanding on the identification of criteria for sustainability assessments. It also provides those interested in evaluating nanotechnology implications with the basis for real case studies, possibly by integrating available information with the stakeholders using tools that support decision-making

A survey of carbon nanotube interconnects for energy efficient integrated circuits

This article is a review of the state-of-art carbon nanotube interconnects for Silicon application with respect to the recent literature. Amongst all the research on carbon nanotube interconnects, those discussed here cover 1) challenges with current copper interconnects, 2) process & growth of carbon nanotube interconnects compatible with back-end-of-line integration, and 3) modeling and simulation for circuit-level benchmarking and performance prediction. The focus is on the evolution of carbon nanotube interconnects from the process, theoretical modeling, and experimental characterization to on-chip interconnect applications. We provide an overview of the current advancements on carbon nanotube interconnects and also regarding the prospects for designing energy efficient integrated circuits. Each selected category is presented in an accessible manner aiming to serve as a survey and informative cornerstone on carbon nanotube interconnects relevant to students and scientists belonging to a range of fields from physics, processing to circuit design

Current Approaches of Occupational and Safety Health Management in Work Environments Containing Nanoparticles

The development of nanotechnology is particularly in recent years very dynamic and is applied in many not only technical branches. This is not possible to say about monitoring of possible health and environmental undesirable influence. The first area of possible risk assessment is work environment because there is a lot of possible ways to exposition. The aim of the paper is to analyze current situation in the field of occupational safety and health management in the workspace with occurrence of nanoparticles not only like the engineered nanomaterials. Because there is a lot of influence which could have the negative impact on the employee's healt

Identifying Effective Factors on Technological Entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs

Technological entrepreneurship is the latest issue in the field of entrepreneurship and fostering competitive advantages in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which has been received special attention. Given the lack of coherent literature review to apply technological strategies in SMEs, and also because of the role of technology based firms which are active in industries with new technologies, such as Nano-Technology industry, while the technological entrepreneurship literature review has been investigated, this article is principally intended to identify effective factors on technological entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs. The research methodology of the current article is a mixed one; in the qualitative stage, semi-structured and open interviews and investigation of related documents have been used, and in the quantitative stage, the questionnaire has been applied to gather data. In the research’s quantitative stage, a statistical population consisted of managers, expert employees of the case study have been considered, and the simple random sampling method has been used. In addition, in this stage, the questionnaires have been used as the data collection tool and the experts in the qualitative stage measured the research’s validity, and the questionnaire’s reliability has been approved through Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81. The mean analysis has been applied in this stage for the data analysis. The findings of this paper shows that the effective factors on technological entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs are categorizes in the four issues of “Internal Processesâ€, “Individual Factorsâ€, “Institutions†and “External Networksâ€

Fault Modeling of Graphene Nanoribbon FET Logic Circuits

[EN] Due to the increasing defect rates in highly scaled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, and the emergence of alternative nanotechnology devices, reliability challenges are of growing importance. Understanding and controlling the fault mechanisms associated with new materials and structures for both transistors and interconnection is a key issue in novel nanodevices. The graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistor (GNR FET) has revealed itself as a promising technology to design emerging research logic circuits, because of its outstanding potential speed and power properties. This work presents a study of fault causes, mechanisms, and models at the device level, as well as their impact on logic circuits based on GNR FETs. From a literature review of fault causes and mechanisms, fault propagation was analyzed, and fault models were derived for device and logic circuit levels. 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An annotated corpus with nanomedicine and pharmacokinetic parameters

A vast amount of data on nanomedicines is being generated and published, and natural language processing (NLP) approaches can automate the extraction of unstructured text-based data. Annotated corpora are a key resource for NLP and information extraction methods which employ machine learning. Although corpora are available for pharmaceuticals, resources for nanomedicines and nanotechnology are still limited. To foster nanotechnology text mining (NanoNLP) efforts, we have constructed a corpus of annotated drug product inserts taken from the US Food and Drug Administration’s Drugs@FDA online database. In this work, we present the development of the Engineered Nanomedicine Database corpus to support the evaluation of nanomedicine entity extraction. The data were manually annotated for 21 entity mentions consisting of nanomedicine physicochemical characterization, exposure, and biologic response information of 41 Food and Drug Administration-approved nanomedicines. We evaluate the reliability of the manual annotations and demonstrate the use of the corpus by evaluating two state-of-the-art named entity extraction systems, OpenNLP and Stanford NER. The annotated corpus is available open source and, based on these results, guidelines and suggestions for future development of additional nanomedicine corpora are provided