Katakan tidak pada rasuah

Isu atau masalah rasuah menjadi topik utama sama ada di peringkat antarabangsa mahupun di peringkat dalam negara. Pertubuhan Bangsa- bangsa Bersatu menegaskan komitmen komuniti antarabangsa bertegas untuk mencegah dan mengawal rasuah melalui buku bertajuk United Nations Convention against Corruption. Hal yang sama berlaku di Malaysia. Melalui pernyataan visi oleh mantan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamed memberikan indikasi bahawa kerajaan Malaysia komited untuk mencapai aspirasi agar Malaysia dikenali kerana integriti dan bukannya rasuah. Justeru, tujuan penulisan bab ini adalah untuk membincangkan rasuah dari beberapa sudut termasuk perbincangan dari sudut agama Islam, faktor-faktor berlakunya gejala rasuah, dan usaha-usaha yang dijalankan di Malaysia untuk membanteras gejala rasuah. Perkara ini penting bagi mengenalpasti penjawat awam menanamkan keyakinan dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab dengan menghindari diri daripada rasuah agar mereka sentiasa peka mengutamakan kepentingan awam

Comparison of CSMA based MAC protocols of wireless sensor networks

Energy conservation has been an important area of interest in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role in energy conservation. In this paper, we describe CSMA based MAC protocols for WSN and analyze the simulation results of these protocols. We implemented S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC, B-MAC+, X-MAC, DMAC and Wise-MAC in TOSSIM, a simulator which unlike other simulators simulates the same code running on real hardware. Previous surveys mainly focused on the classification of MAC protocols according to the techniques being used or problem dealt with and presented a theoretical evaluation of protocols. This paper presents the comparative study of CSMA based protocols for WSNs, showing which MAC protocol is suitable in a particular environment and supports the arguments with the simulation results. The comparative study can be used to find the best suited MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks in different environments.Comment: International Journal of AdHoc Network Systems, Volume 2, Number 2, April 201

Intrusion Detection System for Platooning Connected Autonomous Vehicles

The deployment of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) requires secure wireless communication in order to ensure reliable connectivity and safety. However, this wireless communication is vulnerable to a variety of cyber atacks such as spoofing or jamming attacks. In this paper, we describe an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on Machine Learning (ML) techniques designed to detect both spoofing and jamming attacks in a CAV environment. The IDS would reduce the risk of traffic disruption and accident caused as a result of cyber-attacks. The detection engine of the presented IDS is based on the ML algorithms Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) and One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM), as well as data fusion techniques in a cross-layer approach. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed IDS is the first in literature that uses a cross-layer approach to detect both spoofing and jamming attacks against the communication of connected vehicles platooning. The evaluation results of the implemented IDS present a high accuracy of over 90% using training datasets containing both known and unknown attacks

A Study of Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks

The seamless integration of low-power, miniaturised, invasive/non-invasive lightweight sensor nodes have contributed to the development of a proactive and unobtrusive Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A WBAN provides long-term health monitoring of a patient without any constraint on his/her normal dailylife activities. This monitoring requires low-power operation of invasive/non-invasive sensor nodes. In other words, a power-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is required to satisfy the stringent WBAN requirements including low-power consumption. In this paper, we first outline the WBAN requirements that are important for the design of a low-power MAC protocol. Then we study low-power MAC protocols proposed/investigated for WBAN with emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses. We also review different power-efficient mechanisms for WBAN. In addition, useful suggestions are given to help the MAC designers to develop a low-power MAC protocol that will satisfy the stringent WBAN requirements.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 7 table

Evaluating passive neighborhood discovery for Low Power Listening MAC protocols

Low Power Listening (LPL) MAC protocols are widely used in today's sensors networks for duty cycling. Their simplicity and power efficiency ensures a long network life when nodes are battery driven and their easy deployment and lower cost of maintenance makes them suitable to be used in hard-to-access places and harsh conditions. We argue that to fully utilize energy efficiency provided by LPL, other protocols in the protocol stack should be aware of mechanisms. In this paper, we focus on neighborhood discovery protocols and discuss their energy efficient integration with LPL. Then, we study the possibility of using a completely passive approach for neighborhood discovery in such networks and provide an analytical model for its performance characteristics. We verify our performance model both by simulation and implementation in TinyOS. Our evaluation results confirm the efficiency of our proposed method in duty-cycled sensor networks

Improving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks through scheduling and routing

This paper is about the wireless sensor network in environmental monitoring applications. A Wireless Sensor Network consists of many sensor nodes and a base station. The number and type of sensor nodes and the design protocols for any wireless sensor network is application specific. The sensor data in this application may be light intensity, temperature, pressure, humidity and their variations .Clustering and routing are the two areas which are given more attention in this paper.Comment: 7 Pages, 2 Figures and 1 Tabl

Novel Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Wireless Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks (WSANs) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Efficient medium access control (MAC) is a key part of any wireless network communication architecture. MAC protocols are needed for nodes to access the shared wireless medium efficiently. Providing high throughput is one of the primary goals of the MAC protocols designed for wireless networks. MAC protocols for Wireless Sensor and Ad hoc networks (WSANs) must also conserve energy as sensor nodes have limited battery power. On the other hand, MAC protocols for Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs) must also adapt to the highly dynamic nature of the network. As communication link failure is very common in VANETs because of the fast movement of vehicles so quick reservation of packet transmission slots by vehicles is important. In this thesis we propose two new distributed MAC algorithms. One is for WSANs and the other one is for VANETs. We demonstrate using simulations that our algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms

Synchronization in wireless communications

The last decade has witnessed an immense increase of wireless communications services in order to keep pace with the ever increasing demand for higher data rates combined with higher mobility. To satisfy this demand for higher data rates, the throughput over the existing transmission media had to be increased. Several techniques were proposed to boost up the data rate: multicarrier systems to combat selective fading, ultra wide band (UWB) communications systems to share the spectrum with other users, MIMO transmissions to increase the capacity of wireless links, iteratively decodable codes (e.g., turbo codes and LDPC codes) to improve the quality of the link, cognitive radios, and so forth