Ring Shape Microstrip Antenna Backed by Modified Ground Plane for Multiband Response in GSM and Radar Applications

Abstract Ring shape microstrip antenna designs supported via an altered ground plane profile are proposed for multi-band response with wider bandwidth in each band. The impedance bandwidth of a single ring patch supported via a slot cut ground plane on a substrate having a thickness of ~ 0.1λg, is 45.8% and the broadside gain is 5.6 dBi. By employing additional stack patches, dual and triple-band configurations are obtained. In the respective operative frequency bands, maximum 15% of bandwidth is achieved in the suggested antenna, with a maximum broadside gain of more than 5.5 dBi. Through the acquired antenna features, the proposed configuration fulfills the criteria of E-GSM900/Secondary Surveillance Radar/Aeronautical Radio Navigation Applications

Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems

This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit a large impedance bandwidth and is capable of radiating energy in a specified direction. The proposed antenna consists of a standard rectangular patch on which is embedded an H-tree shaped fractal slot of order 3. The fractal slot is used to effectively reduce the physical size of the patch by 75 % and to enhance its impedance bandwidth. A metasurface layer is strategically placed above the patch radiator with a narrow air gap between the two. The metasurface layer is a lattice pattern of square framed rhombus ring shaped unit-cells that are interconnected by PIN photodiodes. The metasurface layer essentially acts like a superstrate when exposed to RF/microwave radiation. Placed below the patch antenna is a conductive layer that acts like a reflector to enhance the front-toback ratio by blocking radiation from the backside of the patch radiator. The patch’s main beam can be precisely controlled by photonically illuminating the metasurface layer. The antenna’s performance was modelled and analyzed with a commercial 3D electromagnetic solver. The antenna was fabricated on a standard dielectric substrate FR4 and has dimensions of 0.778λo × 0.778λo × 0.25λo mm3 , where λo is the wavelength of free space centered at 1.35 GHz. Measured results confirm the antenna’s performance. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional band of 55.5 % from 0.978 to 1.73 GHz for reflection-coefficient (S11) better than − 10 dB. It has a maximum gain of 9 dBi at 1.35 GHz with a maximum front-to-back ratio (F/B) of 21 dBi. The main beam can be steered in the elevation plane from − 24◦ to +24◦. The advantage of the proposed antenna is it does not require any mechanical movements or complicated electronic systems.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. The authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. Besides above, the Article Processing Charge (APC) was afforded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023)

Antenna Designs for 5G/IoT and Space Applications

This book is intended to shed some light on recent advances in antenna design for these new emerging applications and identify further research areas in this exciting field of communications technologies. Considering the specificity of the operational environment, e.g., huge distance, moving support (satellite), huge temperature drift, small dimension with respect to the distance, etc, antennas, are the fundamental device allowing to maintain a constant interoperability between ground station and satellite, or different satellites. High gain, stable (in temperature, and time) performances, long lifecycle are some of the requirements that necessitates special attention with respect to standard designs. The chapters of this book discuss various aspects of the above-mentioned list presenting the view of the authors. Some of the contributors are working strictly in the field (space), so they have a very targeted view on the subjects, while others with a more academic background, proposes futuristic solutions. We hope that interested reader, will find a fertile source of information, that combined with their interest/background will allow efficiently exploiting the combination of these two perspectives

Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems

This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit a large impedance bandwidth and is capable of radiating energy in a specified direction. The proposed antenna consists of a standard rectangular patch on which is embedded an H-tree shaped fractal slot of order 3. The fractal slot is used to effectively reduce the physical size of the patch by 75 % and to enhance its impedance bandwidth. A metasurface layer is strategically placed above the patch radiator with a narrow air gap between the two. The metasurface layer is a lattice pattern of square framed rhombus ring shaped unit-cells that are interconnected by PIN photodiodes. The metasurface layer essentially acts like a superstrate when exposed to RF/microwave radiation. Placed below the patch antenna is a conductive layer that acts like a reflector to enhance the front-toback ratio by blocking radiation from the backside of the patch radiator. The patch’s main beam can be precisely controlled by photonically illuminating the metasurface layer. The antenna’s performance was modelled and analyzed with a commercial 3D electromagnetic solver. The antenna was fabricated on a standard dielectric substrate FR4 and has dimensions of 0.778λo × 0.778λo × 0.25λo mm3, where λo is the wavelength of free space centered at 1.35 GHz. Measured results confirm the antenna’s performance. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional band of 55.5% from 0.978 to 1.73 GHz for reflection-coefficient (S11) better than −10 dB. It has a maximum gain of 9 dBi at 1.35 GHz with a maximum front-to-back ratio (F/B) of 21 dBi. The main beam can be steered in the elevation plane from − 24◦ to +24◦. The advantage of the proposed antenna is it does not require any mechanical movements or complicated electronic systems

Multiband reconfigurable antennas for future wireless communication systems

Evolution in wireless technology has resulted in remarkable capabilities, but ever increasing user demand and limited bandwidth spectrum has always instigated the researchers to think of new techniques that can improve network efficiency in terms of size, power and bandwidth consumption. Antenna designing is one of the key factors in achieving this goal and as a result plethora of research work has been conducted in past for crafting sustainable reconfigurable multiband antennas for different wireless services. The concept of combining the wideband-narrowband reconfiguration functionality into a single antenna has created an effective solution for optimizing antenna size and enhancing flexibility in antenna designing. Moreover; this combination has offered the advantage of pre-filtering, which has helped in mitigating the level of interference at the receiver end and has provided an edge over the fixed or non-reconfigurable transceivers. This paper has presented a detailed outlook about reconfigurable antennas and the various techniques involved in attaining reconfigurability in antenna design. The review has been supported by some antenna designs and simulation results that have provided an insight into reconfiguration features. Some new technologies employed in antenna design have also been briefly presented

Multiband reconfigurable antennas for future wireless communication systems

79-97Evolution in wireless technology has resulted in remarkable capabilities, but ever increasing user demand and limited bandwidth spectrum has always instigated the researchers to think of new techniques that can improve network efficiency in terms of size, power and bandwidth consumption. Antenna designing is one of the key factors in achieving this goal and as a result plethora of research work has been conducted in past for crafting sustainable reconfigurable multiband antennas for different wireless services. The concept of combining the wideband-narrowband reconfiguration functionality into a single antenna has created an effective solution for optimizing antenna size and enhancing flexibility in antenna designing. Moreover; this combination has offered the advantage of pre-filtering, which has helped in mitigating the level of interference at the receiver end and has provided an edge over the fixed or non-reconfigurable transceivers. This paper has presented a detailed outlook about reconfigurable antennas and the various techniques involved in attaining reconfigurability in antenna design. The review has been supported by some antenna designs and simulation results that have provided an insight into reconfiguration features. Some new technologies employed in antenna design have also been briefly presented

Microwave antenna system for passive discrimination

A novel passive antenna system, capable of discriminating specific electromagnetic signals is addressed. This antenna system will be able to detect signals of certain bandwidths, amplitudes and propagation directions. The philosophy behind this design was to maximise the signal discrimination at a stage prior to reception. The development of such systems could relieve the work involved in post detection discrimination, which may be time consuming and expensive. A major motivation of these studies lies in the difficulties inherent in signal detection for mobile radio communication systems operating at microwave frequencies. Such an antenna system consists of two components. They are the filter section and the detector array. The filter is designed in such a way that only the near normal signal to the locally flat area will be admitted and the rest reflected. The detector array will be at an appropriate position below the filter. Two types of filter structures have been studied for this angular filtering property. They are the Dielectric Multilayers (DML) and periodic arrays of slots as Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS). DML are constructed by stacking layers of dielectric material whose permittivities vary in a near sinusoidal manner. Such a structure is known to have the ability to admit certain frequency bands of signals. The conventional transmission/reflection matrix method is used for its analysis. Also an optimisation procedure is carried out to minimise the loss of the signal in the DML. The characteristics of the DML as a beam-director and Beam-shaper have also been investigated. FSS exhibit the characteristics of band pass and band stop filters, depending upon the nature of the surface (periodic arrays of elements or slots) . Here the band pass nature is utilised by using arrays of slotted elements. These surfaces are tuned to admit narrow band signals. The well-known modal analysis method has been employed to study the FSS characteristics. The FSS have been studied in the context of frequency scanning, beam shaping, beam directing as well as angular scanning. A prototype has been constructed to simulate a multi signal environment in which the above structures have been experimentally assessed

Reconfigurable Antennas

In this new book, we present a collection of the advanced developments in reconfigurable antennas and metasurfaces. It begins with a review of reconfigurability technologies, and proceeds to the presentation of a series of reconfigurable antennas, UWB MIMO antennas and reconfigurable arrays. Then, reconfigurable metasurfaces are introduced and the latest advances are presented and discussed

Passive Planar Microwave Devices

The aim of this book is to highlight some recent advances in microwave planar devices. The development of planar technologies still generates great interest because of their many applications in fields as diverse as wireless communications, medical instrumentation, remote sensing, etc. In this book, particular interest has been focused on an electronically controllable phase shifter, wireless sensing, a multiband textile antenna, a MIMO antenna in microstrip technology, a miniaturized spoof plasmonic antipodal Vivaldi antenna, a dual-band balanced bandpass filter, glide-symmetric structures, a transparent multiband antenna for vehicle communications, a multilayer bandpass filter with high selectivity, microwave planar cutoff probes, and a wideband transition from microstrip to ridge empty substrate integrated waveguide