Mühendislikte yapay zeka ve uygulamaları 2

Kocaeli Üniversitesi1 Parametre Optimizasyonu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.1 Giri¸s 11 1.2 Metasezgisel Yöntem Parametreleri 14 1.3 Parametre Optimizasyonu 15 1.4 F-Race algoritması 16 1.5 Kaynakça 18 2 Kurumsal Kaynak Planlaması . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.1 Giri¸s 25 2.2 Kurumsal Kaynak Planlama Sistemleri 25 2.3 ˙I ¸s Süreçlerinin Modellenmesi 27 2.4 Petri-net Modelleme 29 2.5 BPMN ile Modelleme 30 2.6 BPEL ile Modelleme 32 2.7 EPC ile Modelleme 32 2.8 UML Faaliyet (Activity) Diyagramları 35 2.9 Yapay Zekâ Uygulamalarının˙I ¸sletmelerde Kullanımı 36 2.10 Yapay Zekâ Uygulamalarının Modellenmesi 39 2.11 Sonuç 40 2.12 Kaynakça 41 2.13 Yazarlar Hakkında 44 3 Veri Görselle¸stirme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.1 Giri¸s 45 3.2 Veri Görselle¸stirme 46 3.3 Görsel Analitik 48 3.4 ˙I ¸s Zekâsı ile Veri Görselle¸stirme ˙Ili¸skisi 50 3.5 Görselle¸stirme Yazılımları 52 3.6 Tableau ile Örnek Gösterge Paneli Tasarımı 53 3.7 Sonuç 59 3.8 Kaynakça 59 4 PANDAS ile Veri Analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.1 Giri¸s 61 4.2 Python Pandas Kütüphanesi Uygulamaları 64 4.2.1 Seriler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.2.2 DataFrame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.2.3 Veri Görselle¸stirme (Matplotlib Kütüphanesi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.3 Kaynakça 81 5 Tensorflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Background 84 5.2.1 What is Deep Learning? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.3 Experiment 85 5.3.1 Tensorflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.3.2 Environment set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.3.3 Use-case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 5.3.4 Re-training the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 5.3.5 Using the Retrained Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.4 Conclusion 90 Acknowledgement 91 5.5 Kaynakça 91 5.6 About the authors 91 6 R ile Kaba Kümeleme ve Uygulamaları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 6.1 Giri¸s 93 6.2 Kaba Kümelemede Temel Kavramlar 94 6.3 Bulanık Kaba Küme Teorisi 102 6.4 ‘Roughsets’ Yazılım Paketi 103 6.4.1 Temel Kavramların Uygulanması (BC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.4.2 Eksik Veri Tamamlama Uygulamaları (MV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.4.3 Ayrıkla¸stırma Uygulamaları (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.4.4 Öznitelik Seçimi Uygulamaları (FS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.4.5 Örnek (Veri) Seçimi Uygulamaları (IS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.4.6 Kural Çıkarma Uygulamaları (RI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.4.7 Tahmin/Sınıflandırma Uygulamaları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.5 Uygulama 108 6.5.1 Gö˘güs Kanseri Te¸shisi Uygulaması . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.5.2 Kaba Kümeleme ˙Ile Kural Tabanlı Sınıflandırıcı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.5.3 Bulanık Kaba Kümeleme ˙Ile Kural Tabanlı Sınıflandırıcı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.6 Sonuçlar 118 6.7 Kaynakça 118 6.8 Yazarlar Hakkında 122 7 Lojistik ve Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 7.1 Giri¸s 126 7.2 Lojistik ve Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi 126 7.3 Endüstri 4.0 127 7.4 Literatür Analizi 129 7.5 Sonuç ve Öneriler 133 7.6 Kaynakça 133 8 TWO Meta-Sezgisel Algoritma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 8.1 Giri¸s 139 8.1.1 Fonksiyonun türevinin tanımsız veya çok modlu olması durumu . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8.1.2 Karar de˘gi¸skenlerinin çok olması durumu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8.2 Meta-Sezgisel Algoritmaların Çalı¸sma Mantı˘gı 142 8.2.1 Yörünge esaslı algoritmalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 8.2.2 Sürü esaslı algoritmalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 8.2.3 Geli¸sim esaslı algoritmalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8.2.4 Meta-Sezgisel algoritmaların çözüm yakla¸sımı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8.3 TWO Algoritması 144 8.4 TWO Algoritmasının Uygulaması 147 8.5 Sonuç 147 8 8.6 Kaynakça 149 9 Derin Ö˘grenme Uygulaması . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 9.1 Giri¸s 151 9.2 Derin Ö˘grenme Mimarileri 152 9.2.1 Kıvrımlı (Konvolüsyonel) Sinir A˘gları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 9.2.2 Derin ˙Inanç A˘gları . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 9.2.3 Derin Oto-Kodlayıcılar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 9.3 Derin Ö˘grenme Uygulama Yapısı 154 9.3.1 Kıvrım (Convolution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 9.3.2 Bütünle¸stirme (Pooling) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 9.3.3 Erken Durdurma (Early Stopping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 9.3.4 Dü˘güm Silme (Dropout) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 9.4 Kalite Kontrol Uygulaması 156 9.4.1 Derin Ö˘grenme Modeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 9.4.2 E˘gitim Süreci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 9.5 Sonuç 162 9.6 Kaynakça 164 10 Python ile Görüntü˙I¸slem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 10.1 Giri¸s 165 10.1.1 Temel Tanımlar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.2 Python ile Görüntü˙I¸sleme 166 10.2.1 Python Nedir? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.2.2 OpenCV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 10.3 ˙Imge Bölütleme (Image Segmentatıon) Yöntemleri 167 10.3.1 E¸sikleme (Thresholding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 10.4 Uygulama 173 10.5 Sonuç 186 10.6 Kaynakça 18

Interactomics-Based Functional Analysis: Using Interaction Conservation To Probe Bacterial Protein Functions

The emergence of genomics as a discrete field of biology has changed humanity’s understanding of our relationship with bacteria. Sequencing the genome of each newly-discovered bacterial species can reveal novel gene sequences, though the genome may contain genes coding for hundreds or thousands of proteins of unknown function (PUFs). In some cases, these coding sequences appear to be conserved across nearly all bacteria. Exploring the functional roles of these cases ideally requires an integrative, cross-species approach involving not only gene sequences but knowledge of interactions among their products. Protein interactions, studied at genome scale, extend genomics into the field of interactomics. I have employed novel computational methods to provide context for bacterial PUFs and to leverage the rich genomic, proteomic, and interactomic data available for hundreds of bacterial species. The methods employed in this study began with sets of protein complexes. I initially hypothesized that, if protein interactions reveal protein functions and interactions are frequently conserved through protein complexes, then conserved protein functions should be revealed through the extent of conservation of protein complexes and their components. The subsequent analyses revealed how partial protein complex conservation may, unexpectedly, be the rule rather than the exception. Next, I expanded the analysis by combining sets of thousands of experimental protein-protein interactions. Progressing beyond the scope of protein complexes into interactions across full proteomes revealed novel evolutionary consistencies across bacteria but also exposed deficiencies among interactomics-based approaches. I have concluded this study with an expansion beyond bacterial protein interactions and into those involving bacteriophage-encoded proteins. This work concerns emergent evolutionary properties among bacterial proteins. It is primarily intended to serve as a resource for microbiologists but is relevant to any research into evolutionary biology. As microbiomes and their occupants become increasingly critical to human health, similar approaches may become increasingly necessary

Property preserving development and testing for CSP-CASL.

This thesis describes a theoretical study and an industrial application in the area of formal systems development, verification and formal testing using the specification language CSP-CASL. The latter is a comprehensive specification language which allows to describe systems in a combined algebraic / process algebraic notation. To this end it integrates the process algebra CSP and the algebraic specification language CASL. In this thesis we propose various formal development notions for CSP-CASL capable of capturing informal vertical and horizontal software development which we typically find in industrial applications. We provide proof techniques for such development notions and verification methodologies to prove interesting properties of reactive systems. We also propose a theoretical framework for formal testing from CSP-CASL specifications. Here, we present a conformance relation between a physical system and a CSP-C ASL specification. In particular we study the relationship between CSP-CASL development notions and the implemented system. The proposed theoretical notions of formal system development, property verification and formal testing for CSP-CASL, have been successfully applied to two industrial application: an electronic payment system called EP2 and the starting system of the BR725 Rolls- Royce jet engine control software

Regional selenium cycling in an irrigated agricultural groundwater system: conceptualization, modeling, and mitigation

2012 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Selenium (Se) is an element that occurs naturally as a trace constituent in geologic formations and associated soils and, although an essential nutrient for animals and humans, can prove detrimental to health at high concentrations. Over the previous decades, the presence of either deficient or elevated concentrations of Se in groundwater, surface water, and associated plants and cultivated crops has emerged as a serious issue in many regions of the world, including the United States, northern and western Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia. Regardless of the nature of concern regarding Se, whether concentrations are deficient or elevated in water supplies and cultivated crops, there is a basic need for a thorough description of the movement and chemical processes of Se within a dynamic soil-aquifer system influenced by agricultural practices, and for the development of numerical simulation tools that allow these processes to be simulated in assessing baseline conditions and exploring remediation best-management practices (BMPs). While the individual processes controlling Se speciation, transformation, and movement within soil systems have been well documented, their synthesis into a comprehensive numerical model of Se fate and transport within an alluvial aquifer system influenced by agricultural practices has not yet been realized. This dissertation presents the development of a numerical model that can simulate the fate and transport of Se species in irrigation-influenced agricultural soil and groundwater systems at a regional scale. The model was developed by first, linking RT3D, modified to handle multi-species reactive transport in variably-saturated porous media, to MODFLOW, which uses the UZF1 (Unsaturated Zone Flow) package to simulate groundwater flow in the unsaturated zone; and second, developing an Se reaction module for RT3D that accounts for the cycling, chemical activity, and transport of Se species in regional-scale agricultural soil and groundwater systems. The module also accounts for the influence of other chemical species such as dissolved oxygen and nitrate (NO3). The resulting model, referred to as UZF-RT3DAG, is applied to a 50,600 ha regional site in the Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) in southeastern Colorado for the years 2006 through 2009. Using the calibrated model, multiple BMPs for remediation of Se contamination in the LARV are investigated. These strategies include decreasing annual loading of nitrogen fertilizer, decreasing species concentration in canal water, decreasing applied volume of irrigation water, and increasing chemical activity within riparian areas. Research results are presented through a series of published and submitted articles and modeling results that outline the progression of model development and model application. Results of the BMP scenario testing indicate that alternative land-management practices can have a significant impact in decreasing the concentration of dissolved Se in groundwater by up to 5-8% as well as mass loadings of Se to the Arkansas River by as much as 20-30%. Practices also have a significant impact on decreasing NO3 concentrations and loadings by up to 50% and 45%, respectively. As the alluvial aquifer in the LARV is similar to other Se-contaminated aquifer systems, the results of this research are pertinent to the assessment and remediation of Se contamination world-wide

The characterisation of actinomycetes isolated from diverse South African sources, with emphasis on the genus Kribbella

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-171).Actinomycetes were isolated from the leaves of indigenous plants, aquatic sediment and soil samples, using alternative isolation methods to select for actinomycetes belonging to the rarer genera. Thirty actinomycete strains belonging to the genera Gordonia, Kineococcus, Kribbella, Micromonospora, Nocardia and Streptomyces were selected for full characterisation. A polyphasic approach combining physiology, chemotaxonomy and phylogenetic analysis was used to characterise these isolates. A number of potentially novel strains belonging to the rarer genera were identified, including two Kineococcus and three Micromonospora strains. Two novel Kribbella species were isolated from soil samples and the species descriptions of Kribbella karoonensis Q41T and Kribbella swartbergensis HMC25T were published in 2006

Proceedings of the conference on Coal Feeding Systems

Development of coal feed systems for coal gasification, fluidized bed combustion, and magnetohydrodynamic applications is discussed. Process operations experience, energy conversion efficiency, and environment effects are among the factors considered

Mount Vernon Democratic Banner May 14, 1875

The Democratic Banner was a newspaper published weekly in Mount Vernon, Ohio. It later became the Mt Vernon Democratic Banner in December of 1853.https://digital.kenyon.edu/banner1875/1048/thumbnail.jp

Proceedings of the NASA, Industry, University, General Aviation Drag Reduction Workshop

The conference on drag reduction research aims to improve general aviation aircraft performance