Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology

Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Sport and Quality of Life 2019 gatheres submissions of participants of the conference. Every submission is the result of positive evaluation by reviewers from the corresponding field. Conference is divided into sections – Analysis of human movement; Sport training, nutrition and regeneration; Sport and social sciences; Active ageing and sarcopenia; Strength and conditioning training; section for PhD students

Muscle activation patterns in shoulder impingement patients

Introduction: Shoulder impingement is one of the most common presentations of shoulder joint problems 1. It appears to be caused by a reduction in the sub-acromial space as the humerus abducts between 60o -120o – the 'painful arc'. Structures between the humeral head and the acromion are thus pinched causing pain and further pathology 2. Shoulder muscle activity can influence this joint space but it is unclear whether this is a cause or effect in impingement patients. This study aimed to observe muscle activation patterns in normal and impingement shoulder patients and determine if there were any significant differences. Method: 19 adult subjects were asked to perform shoulder abduction in their symptomatic arm and non-symptomatic. 10 of these subjects (age 47.9 ± 11.2) were screened for shoulder impingement, and 9 subjects (age 38.9 ± 14.3) had no history of shoulder pathology. Surface EMG was used to collect data for 6 shoulder muscles (Upper, middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, middle deltoids) which was then filtered and fully rectified. Subjects performed 3 smooth unilateral abduction movements at a cadence of 16 beats of a metronome set at 60bpm, and the mean of their results was recorded. T-tests were used to indicate any statistical significance in the data sets. Significance was set at P<0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in muscle activation with serratus anterior in particular showing a very low level of activation throughout the range when compared to normal shoulder activation patterns (<30%). Middle deltoid recruitment was significantly reduced between 60-90o in the impingement group (30:58%).Trends were noted in other muscles with upper trapezius and infraspinatus activating more rapidly and erratically (63:25%; 60:27% respectively), and lower trapezius with less recruitment (13:30%) in the patient group, although these did not quite reach significance. Conclusion: There appears to be some interesting alterations in muscle recruitment patterns in impingement shoulder patients when compared against their own unaffected shoulders and the control group. In particular changes in scapula control (serratus anterior and trapezius) and lateral rotation (infraspinatus), which have direct influence on the sub-acromial space, should be noted. It is still not clear whether these alterations are causative or reactionary, but this finding gives a clear indication to the importance of addressing muscle reeducation as part of a rehabilitation programme in shoulder impingement patients

DESIGNING BETTER EXERGAMES: APPLICATION OF FLOW CONCEPTS AND THE FITT PRINCIPLE TO FULL BODY EXERTION VIDEO GAMES AND FLEXIBLE CHALLENGE SYSTEMS

Exercise video games have a recognized potential for widespread use as tools for effective exercise. Current exergames do not consistently strike a successful balance between the “fun gameplay” and “effective exercise” aspects of the ideal exergame. Our research into the design of better exergames applies existing gameflow research and established exercise guidelines, such as those published by the American College of Sports Medicine, to a collection of four custom exergames: Astrojumper, Washboard, Sweet Harvest and Legerdemain implement full-body motion mechanics that support different types of exercise, and vary in intended duration of play, game complexity, and level of physical challenge. Each game also implements a difficulty adjustment system that detects player performance from in-game data and dynamically adjusts game difficulty, in order to balance between a player’s fitness level and the physical challenge presented by the game. We have evaluated the games produced by our design approach through a series of user studies on players’ physiological and psychological responses to gameplay, finding that balance between challenge types (cognitive or physical) is an important consideration along with challenge-skill balance, and further, that game mechanics able to support creativity of movement are an effective means of bridging between gameplay and exercise in order to improve the player experience

Building Democracy for All: Interactive Explorations of Government and Civic Life

Designed as a core or supplementary text for upper elementary, middle and high school teachers and students, Building Democracy for All offers instructional ideas, interactive resources, links to primary sources, multicultural materials, and multimodal learning materials for interest-building explorations of United States government as well as students’ roles as citizens in a democratic society. It focuses on the importance of community engagement and social responsibility as understood and acted upon by middle and high school students—core themes in the 2018 Massachusetts 8th Grade Curriculum Framework, and which are found in many state history and social studies curriculum frameworks around the country. Building Democracy for All has been developed by a collaborative writing team of higher education faculty, public school teachers, educational librarians, and college students who are preparing to become history and social studies teachers. The primary editors and curators are from the University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Education. Contributing teachers come from school districts in the Connecticut River valley region of western Massachusetts (Amherst, Gateway, Westfield, Hampshire Regional, and Springfield). As an open resource, the book is being revised constantly by the members of the writing team to ensure timely inclusion of online resources and information.https://scholarworks.umass.edu/tecs_ed_materials/1001/thumbnail.jp

Athlete Monitoring in Canadian Football

INTRODUCTION: Sports performance optimization relies heavily on the balance between increasing training load (TL) and appropriate recovery. In high performance settings, the crucial role that athlete monitoring plays in this intricate balancing act is widely recognized. PURPOSE: Due to the violent and unique demands of Canadian football, minimal research and few practical monitoring tools are available for coaches and practitioners. The thesis aim therefore, is to provide a body of research that begins to address athlete monitoring challenges in Canadian football. CHAPTER III: Study 1 was designed to validate the Session-Ratings of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) method of quantifying internal TL in football players. Statistically significant correlations for all individual players between sRPE and two criterion heart rate-based measures were found. Results confirm that sRPE is a highly practical and valid tool for Canadian football application. CHAPTER IV: Despite frequent use in other sports, the high injury occurrence in football often prevents consistent neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) monitoring using a maximal countermovement jump (CMJ). Further, little direct evidence exists supporting the relationship between athlete CMJ performance and NMF. Study 2 addressed these issues by assessing the acute-fatiguing effects of a game simulation (G-Sim) on postural sway (PS), CMJ performance and lab-based NMF measures in football players. Congruency between all measures post G-Sim suggests that submaximal PS monitoring has the potential to supplement CMJ in NMF tracking of football players hampered by minor injuries. CHAPTER V: Recognizing that acute-fatiguing effects may misrepresent fatigue across extended training periods, study 3 applied previous methodology (study 1 & 2) to evaluate PS as a valid NMF indicator over a competitive 11-week season. Significant associations between both CMJ and PS performance with weekly Global TL fluctuations provided evidence of NMF assessments valid across a football season. There was no evidence of differences in NMF status between starters and non-starters of the weekly game. CONCLUSION: Thesis findings confirm the validity and practicality of sRPE and the NMF monitoring tools of CMJ and PS across a competitive football season. This initial work provides a spring-board for future research as it has broadened our knowledge of athlete responses to- and monitoring in- Canadian football

Sport ist der Nerv der Zeit: the politics of sport in German literature, 1918-1962

This dissertation investigates the political role ascribed to sport in German literature and mass media during three radically different periods of German history: the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the young Federal Republic of Germany. In this project, sport in literature and film is shown to play an integral role in communicating contemporary social critique and reinforcing cultural ideology. During each of these eras, sport figured into central cultural debates about the organization of German society. In Weimar Germany, sport became a medium through which to discuss problems of class stratification, while the Third Reich saw it play into ideologies about creating and upholding the ethical Aryan subject. In the FRG, sport became entrenched in debates about memories of these bygone German social experiments. By examining canonical and non-canonical literary texts and films, this project queries how sport has persisted as a constant topos in the German literary imagination. Examinations of Bertolt Brecht's Der Kinnhaken and Das Renommee and Melchior Vischer's Fussballspieler und Indianer reveal how commodified sport in Weimar literature engaged with the limits of class stratification. During the Hitler regime, Leni Riefenstahl's Olympia and Ludwig Barthel's Schinovelle employ sport to idealize German bodies and instill an embodied sense of Aryan morality. Emerging from the shadow of Nazism, sport in young West Germany--as evidenced by Siegfried Lenz's Brot und Spiele and Ludwig Harig's short story and Hörspiel Das Fussballspiel-- filter out memories of fascism and therewith confront the latent ghosts of Germany's past. In order unlock the political logic of sport in German literature, I employ theories of sport from each respective period, including those of Brecht, Rosenberg and Adorno. What becomes clear through the analysis of these literary and cinematic discourses is the continuity of sport; just as German regimes and societies changed, so too did sport. And yet sport in all its manifestations persisted as a foil for German media's political and social imagination. This dissertation thus bridges a gap in the paucity of scholarship by identifying the politicized role German literature and film awarded sport throughout the most tumultuous years of Germany's twentieth century

Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness

Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness has been a successful Special Issue, which addressed novel topics in any subject related to sports medicine, physical fitness, and human movement. The article collection was able to positively evaluate three systematic reviews, nineteen original articles, and one brief report. These encompassed a broad range of topics ranging from accident kinematics, soccer monitoring, children’s physical evaluation, adapted physical activity, physical evaluation for people with intellectual disabilities, performance analysis in rowers, ultramarathon racers, karateka’s, rugby players, volleyball and basketball players, and cross-fit athletes, and also aspects related to biomechanics, fatigue and injury prevention in racing motorcycle riders, gymnasts, and cyclists.These scientific contributions within the field of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness broaden the understanding of specific aspects of each analyzed discipline.It has been a pleasure for the Editorial Team to have served the International Journal Of Environmental Research and Public Health