A New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Using Combination of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Inverse Bit

In this paper, we introduce a new digital watermarking algorithm using least significant bit (LSB). LSB is used because of its little effect on the image. This new algorithm is using LSB by inversing the binary values of the watermark text and shifting the watermark according to the odd or even number of pixel coordinates of image before embedding the watermark. The proposed algorithm is flexible depending on the length of the watermark text. If the length of the watermark text is more than ((MxN)/8)-2 the proposed algorithm will also embed the extra of the watermark text in the second LSB. We compare our proposed algorithm with the 1-LSB algorithm and Lee's algorithm using Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). This new algorithm improved its quality of the watermarked image. We also attack the watermarked image by using cropping and adding noise and we got good results as well.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures and 4 tables; Journal of Computing, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2011, ISSN 2151-961

An enhanced method based on intermediate significant bit technique for watermark images

Intermediate Significant Bit digital watermarking technique (ISB) is a new approved technique of embedding a watermark by replacing the original image pixels with new pixels. This is done by ensuring a close connection between the new pixels and the original, and at the same time, the watermark data can be protected against possible damage. One of the most popular methods used in watermarking is the Least Significant Bit (LSB). It uses a spatial domain that includes the insertion of the watermark in the LSB of the image. The problem with this method is it is not resilient to common damage, and there is the possibility of image distortion after embedding a watermark. LSB may be used through replacing one bit, two bits, or three bits; this is done by changing the specific bits without any change in the other bits in the pixel. The objective of this thesis is to formulate new algorithms for digital image watermarking with enhanced image quality and robustness by embedding two bits of watermark data into each pixel of the original image based on ISB technique. However, to understand the opposite relationship between the image quality and robustness, a tradeoff between them has been done to create a balance and to acquire the best position for the two embedding bits. Dual Intermediate Significant Bits (DISB) technique has been proposed to solve the existing LSB problem. Trial results obtained from this technique are better compared with the LSB based on the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC). The work in this study also contributes new mathematical equations that can study the change on the other six bits in the pixel after embedding two bits

Digital Image Watermarking, Analysis of Current Methods

The rapid evolution in data transmission by the wide use of the internet, as provided an urgent need to prevent penetration and maintain the confidentiality of this data through the applying of some techniques to hide data within the carrier for example, text, image, audio and Video.A variety of image watermarking techniques have been published in the last few years which attempts to develop techniques and methods which are used to obtain better results through the fact that the changes that took place after the concealment is visible to the human eye. Digital image watermarking is one of the general information hiding problem. This study is to highlight some of these studies and analysis for use in future research and development to get to the best results

A Robust Color Image Watermarking Scheme using Chaos for Copyright Protection

An exponential growth in multimedia applications has led to fast adoption of digital watermarking phenomena to protect the copyright information and authentication of digital contents. A novel spatial domain symmetric color image robust watermarking scheme based on chaos is presented in this research. The watermark is generated using chaotic logistic map and optimized to improve inherent properties and to achieve robustness. The embedding is performed at 3 LSBs (Least Significant Bits) of all the threecolor components of the host image. The sensitivity of the chaotic watermark along with redundant embedding approach makes the entire watermarking scheme highly robust, secure and imperceptible. In this paper, various image quality analysis metrics such as homogeneity, contrast, entropy, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), UIQI (Universal Image Quality Index) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measures) are measures to analyze proposed scheme. The proposed technique shows superior results against UIQI. Further, the watermark image with proposed scheme is tested against various image-processing attacks. The robustness of watermarked image against attacks such as cropping, filtering, adding random noises and JPEG compression, rotation, blurring, darken etc. is analyzed. The Proposed scheme shows strong results that are justified in this paper. The proposed scheme is symmetric; therefore, reversible process at extraction entails successful extraction of embedded watermark

An improvement of RGB color image watermarking technique using ISB stream bit and Hadamard matrix

In the past half century, the advancement of internet technology has been rapid and widespread. The innovation provides an efficient platform for human communication and other digital applications. Nowadays, everyone can easily access, copy, modify and distribute digital contents for personal or commercial gains. Therefore, a good copyright protection is required to discourage the illicit activities. On way is to watermark the assets by embedding an owner's identity which could later on be used for authentication. Thus far, many watermarking techniques have been proposed which focus on improving three standard measures, visual quality or imperceptibility, robustness and capacity. Although their performances are encouraging, there are still plenty of rooms for improvements. Thus, this study proposes a new watermarking technique using Least Significant Bit (LSB) insertion approach coupled with Hadamard matrix. The technique involves four main stages: Firstly, the cover image is decomposed into three separate channels, Red, Green and Blue. Secondly, the Blue channel is chosen and converted into an eight bit stream. Thirdly, the second least signification bit is selected from the bit stream for embedding. In order to increase the imperceptibility a Hadamard matrix is used to find the best pixels of the cover image for the embedding task. Experimental results on standard dataset have revealed that average PSNR value is greater than 58db, which indicates the watermarked image is visually identical to its original. However, the proposed technique suffers from Gaussian and Poisson noise attacks

Aplicación de watermarking para la detección de spam

Actualmente, la comunicación entre los millones de personas de todo el mundo se realiza mediante medios digitales, entre ellos el correo electrónico. Tanto en la sociedad en general como a nivel empresarial, el uso del correo electrónico está muy extendido. En concreto, especialmente en lo relativo a las empresas, es importante que este medio sea seguro, fiable y de confianza, pues mucha de la información intercambiada es sensible. Este hecho unido a los continuos ciberataques, por ejemplo, comenzando por campañas de spam, hace que sea necesario buscar una solución al problema. En concreto, en este trabajo se desarrolla una aplicación para la detección de spam mediante la verificación de la autenticación del emisor del correo, utilizándose para ello un algoritmo de watermarking. Esto supone una protección frente a un problema muy común, como es la recepción masiva de correos spam en empresas. Para este proyecto, se selecciona un tipo de algoritmo de watermarking específico llamado Zero-Watermarking. Los clientes y las empresas intercambian correos electrónicos, de modo que cada uno de ellos debe añadir una marca de agua para asegurar que los emisores son quien dicen ser y no fuentes fraudulentas. Este proceso de verificación lo realiza una entidad externa.Currently, communication among millions of people around the globe is done via email. Both individuals and companies use it. Especially regarding companies, it is important that the exchange of information stays safe, reliable, and trustworthy. This fact together with the cyber-attacks evolving and upgrading, for example, starting with spam campaigns, makes it necessary to find a solution to this problem. This project develops an application to detect spam by verifying the authentication of the sender of the email, using a watermarking algorithm for this. This can solve a major problem, the massive reception of malicious spam emails in companies. For this project, a specific type of watermarking algorithm called Zero-Watermarking is selected. The algorithm used will make sure that every time a user sends an email, there will be a watermark added to the message. The authenticity of the email can be verified thanks to the watermark previously generated. This verification is carried out by an external entity.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic