Nowe ujęcie wybranych zagadnień optymalizacji

In solving complex optimization tasks evolutionary algorithms have a leading position. Unusual look at the optimization algorithms presented in the thesis, led to the creation of the new algorithm and work on its development to put its metaphors in a group of artificial life. The resulting algorithms are still the effective optimization algorithms and the proposed approach introduces new properties in their operation. The study presents a new algorithm of observation - as the base algorithm and its metaphors placed in a group of immune algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Research on the mechanics of these algorithms demonstrated new properties, i.e.: behavior resembling observation, and co-evolution mechanism determines the behavior of independence on influences of the environment. Implementation of the assumptions imposed the need to develop effective mechanism of mutation for immune algorithm. The functions of behavior scenarios were defined for the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A group of immune systems is proposed which is an equivalent to the multi-population system and methods of information exchange between systems in the group are defined. The thesis presents a theoretical background of algorithms’ operation and a simulation study. To check the efficiency of the algorithms the typical test environment for stationary and non-stationary problems were applied. In the study, fractal and multifractal analysis was used and its usefulness was demonstrated in research on behavior of algorithms. Optimization of diagnostic structure of digital circuit is an issue of multimodal optimization and is a particular kind of challenge. A comprehensive approach to test multi-module circuit may lead to new solutions, also in terms of a single module testing. Such concepts are included in this study, basing on an untypical approach to testing multi-module circuit, the conclusion has a strong theoretical base. The original achievements in this dissertation are as follows: a proposal of BIST architecture based on the so-called linear modification, the introduction of the diagnostic structure description, and determination of the theoretical basis of this concept, confirmation of the formulated theoretical basement and simultaneously the verification of the diagnostic efficiency of the proposed solutions by means of simulation methods basing on modeling with using ISCAS’89 benchmark, the demonstration of permanent features of modules during testing, the presentation of a formal description of any diagnostic structure with a description of the optimization framework and the concept of simulation tools used in the current research. Simultaneously, the study shows the original use of a genetic algorithm to give a high efficiency optimization. This part of the study presents a complete system of description of any diagnostic structure with the optimization method. The solutions presented in the dissertation open the way for the further research. This dissertation is composed of two parts, despite of the common basis in a form of evolutionary algorithms, they are present different and closed thematically issues. Keywords: optimization, multi-criteria optimization, multimodal optimization, evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, immune algorithms, particle swarm optimization algorithms, a group of immune system, the algorithm of observation, exchange of genetic material, fractal analysis, multifractal analysis, beset game algorithm, immune algorithm with auto-aggression, stationary problems, non-stationary problems, BIST structure, BIST structure optimization, BIST structure description, multi-modular circuit BIST

Cost modelling and concurrent engineering for testable design

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.As integrated circuits and printed circuit boards increase in complexity, testing becomes a major cost factor of the design and production of the complex devices. Testability has to be considered during the design of complex electronic systems, and automatic test systems have to be used in order to facilitate the test. This fact is now widely accepted in industry. Both design for testability and the usage of automatic test systems aim at reducing the cost of production testing or, sometimes, making it possible at all. Many design for testability methods and test systems are available which can be configured into a production test strategy, in order to achieve high quality of the final product. The designer has to select from the various options for creating a test strategy, by maximising the quality and minimising the total cost for the electronic system. This thesis presents a methodology for test strategy generation which is based on consideration of the economics during the life cycle of the electronic system. This methodology is a concurrent engineering approach which takes into account all effects of a test strategy on the electronic system during its life cycle by evaluating its related cost. This objective methodology is used in an original test strategy planning advisory system, which allows for test strategy planning for VLSI circuits as well as for digital electronic systems. The cost models which are used for evaluating the economics of test strategies are described in detail and the test strategy planning system is presented. A methodology for making decisions which are based on estimated costing data is presented. Results of using the cost models and the test strategy planning system for evaluating the economics of test strategies for selected industrial designs are presented

Cellular Automata

Modelling and simulation are disciplines of major importance for science and engineering. There is no science without models, and simulation has nowadays become a very useful tool, sometimes unavoidable, for development of both science and engineering. The main attractive feature of cellular automata is that, in spite of their conceptual simplicity which allows an easiness of implementation for computer simulation, as a detailed and complete mathematical analysis in principle, they are able to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behaviour. This feature of cellular automata has attracted the researchers' attention from a wide variety of divergent fields of the exact disciplines of science and engineering, but also of the social sciences, and sometimes beyond. The collective complex behaviour of numerous systems, which emerge from the interaction of a multitude of simple individuals, is being conveniently modelled and simulated with cellular automata for very different purposes. In this book, a number of innovative applications of cellular automata models in the fields of Quantum Computing, Materials Science, Cryptography and Coding, and Robotics and Image Processing are presented

Integration of solar energy with industrial processes

Solar energy offers a great potential for integration with industrial processes, which conventionally rely on fossil fuels to provide energy. The seasonal, daily, and regional dependence of solar energy alongside the scarcity of space or financial resources in many territories constitute great challenges. These may be overcome by efficient solar energy use through optimal integration methods. Such methods should address multiple aspects including accurate solar technology models and identification of the "true" process requirements. Beyond that, optimal design of the integrated systems and quantification of the added value of solar integration, particularly with regard to competing technologies, is crucial. This thesis explores this multi-dimensional problem formulation through elaboration ofmethodologies tailored to the low-temperature processing industries. The intricacies behind this goal are addressed in four main chapters. (a) The first chapter examines options for solar technology modeling in view of industrial integration. A design approach is developed which allows estimation of solar system performance at sufficient precision and constrained computational effort. (b) In the second chapter, a comprehensive method is proposed which addresses simultaneous optimization of the process heat recovery, the conventional utilities, and the renewable utility system (including thermal storage) using e-constrained parametric optimization. (c) The promising results from the third chapter motivate a more thorough analysis of industrial heat pump systems, which is addressed the following chapter presenting a novel generic heat pump superstructure-based synthesis method for industrial applications based on mathematical programming. (d) The subsequent two chapters address generalization of the derived methods to estimate potentials of relevant technologies at national and international scale from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. The derived method generates a database of solutions by applying generalized optimization techniques. The proposed methods are applied to the dairy industry and results reveal that solar energy should be considered as part of a series of efficiency measures. It is shown that in many cases heat pumping or mechanical vapor re-compression lead to more efficient and less costly solutions, which may be extended with solar thermal energy or complimented with solar electricity

Communicating Science

Modern science communication has emerged in the twentieth century as a field of study, a body of practice and a profession—and it is a practice with deep historical roots. We have seen the birth of interactive science centres, the first university actions in teaching and conducting research, and a sharp growth in employment of science communicators. This collection charts the emergence of modern science communication across the world. This is the first volume to map investment around the globe in science centres, university courses and research, publications and conferences as well as tell the national stories of science communication. How did it all begin? How has development varied from one country to another? What motivated governments, institutions and people to see science communication as an answer to questions of the social place of science? Communicating Science describes the pathways followed by 39 different countries. All continents and many cultures are represented. For some countries, this is the first time that their science communication story has been told

Communicating Science

Modern science communication has emerged in the twentieth century as a field of study, a body of practice and a profession—and it is a practice with deep historical roots. We have seen the birth of interactive science centres, the first university actions in teaching and conducting research, and a sharp growth in employment of science communicators. This collection charts the emergence of modern science communication across the world. This is the first volume to map investment around the globe in science centres, university courses and research, publications and conferences as well as tell the national stories of science communication. How did it all begin? How has development varied from one country to another? What motivated governments, institutions and people to see science communication as an answer to questions of the social place of science? Communicating Science describes the pathways followed by 39 different countries. All continents and many cultures are represented. For some countries, this is the first time that their science communication story has been told

BUSINESS AND ECONOMY IN THE 21ST CENTURY II. – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

A XXI. század gazdasági kihívásai rendkívül széles körűek. A technológiai innováció a pénzügyi rendszert felforgató módon történő átalakítására törekszik. A változások a digitális korban jelentős kihívást jelentenek már az adott szakterület képviselőinek is. A jogalkotó számára az új kereskedelmi gyakorlatok a jog fogalmi rendszerébe és szabályozási környezetébe ültetése azért is fontos, hogy ne fojtsa meg a fejlődést, ugyanakkor óvja, védje a gazdasági és a társadalom fenntartható működését. Ezért a polgári jog, a gazdasági jog, a pénzügyi jog, a büntetőjog számos területére kiterjedő jelentős változások várhatók a közeljövőben, melyekbe a konferencia választott témáinak széles spektruma bepillantást enged a kiadvány olvasói számára.The economic challenges of the 21st century are extremely wide-ranging. Technological innovation seeks to transform the financial system in a disruptive way. The changes in the digital age have given significant challenges for the representatives of the respective field of science. It is also important for the legislator to incorporate these new commercial practices into the conceptual framework of law and into the regulatory environment so as not to stifle development while safeguard the sustainable functioning of the economy and society as well. Therefore, civil law, business law, financial law and criminal law is expected to change significantly in the near future, in which a wide range of topics of the conference provides an insight for the readers of this publication