Development of components for microservice based applications

[Resumen] La utilización de la computación en la Niebla está ganando terreno en el dominio de la fabricación avanzada. Este paradigma de computación distribuida habilita el análisis de los datos producidos por los activos de fabricación en los procesos industriales, acercando los servicios que suele ofrecer la Nube a los dispositivos que producen los datos, mejorando la seguridad de estos y el rendimiento de las comunicaciones. Las aplicaciones desplegadas en la Niebla suelen diseñarse como conjuntos de componentes distribuidos que aprovechan el paradigma de microservicios, generalmente encapsulados en contenedores, para adaptar su despliegue en nodos con capacidades heterogéneas. Este artículo hace uso de la Ingeniería Conducida por Modelos para proporcionar a los programadores de componentes pautas y herramientas a la hora de diseñar y desarrollar dichos componentes de aplicación, preparándolos para su posterior despliegue en forma de microservicios.[Abstract] Fog computing is getting more widespread on the advanced manufacturing domain. This distributed computing paradigm enables analysing the data produced by the manufacturing assets at the industrial processes, offering Cloud-like services closer to the devices that produce the data, improving their data security and the performance of their communications. The applications deployed on the Fog layer are usually designed as sets of distributed components that leverage the advantages of the microservice paradigm, generally encapsulated in containers, to adapt their deployment to nodes with heterogeneous capabilities. This article makes use of Model Driven Engineering to provide component programmers with tools and steps when designing and developing said application components, preparing them for their latter deployment as microservices.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; RTI2018-096116-B-I00Universidad del País Vasco; PES18/4

Towards Digital Twin-enabled DevOps for CPS providing Architecture-Based Service Adaptation & Verification at Runtime

Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPSS) denote a service-oriented (SO) way of providing access to CPS capabilities. The design of such systems bears high risk due to uncertainty in requirements related to service function and behavior, operation environments, and evolving customer needs. Such risks and uncertainties are well known in the IT sector, where DevOps principles ensure continuous system improvement through reliable and frequent delivery processes. A modular and SO system architecture complements these processes to facilitate IT system adaptation and evolution. This work proposes a method to use and extend the Digital Twins (DTs) of IPSS assets for enabling the continuous optimization of CPS service delivery and the latter's adaptation to changing needs and environments. This reduces uncertainty during design and operations by assuring IPSS integrity and availability, especially for design and service adaptations at CPS runtime. The method builds on transferring IT DevOps principles to DT-enabled CPS IPSS. The chosen design approach integrates, reuses, and aligns the DT processing and communication resources with DevOps requirements derived from literature. We use these requirements to propose a DT-enabled self-adaptive CPS model, which guides the realization of DT-enabled DevOps in CPS IPSS. We further propose detailed design models for operation-critical DTs that integrate CPS closed-loop control and architecture-based CPS adaptation. This integrated approach enables the implementation of A/B testing as a use case and central concept to enable CPS IPSS service adaptation and reconfiguration. The self-adaptive CPS model and DT design concept have been validated in an evaluation environment for operation-critical CPS IPSS. The demonstrator achieved sub-millisecond cycle times during service A/B testing at runtime without causing CPS operation interferences and downtime.Comment: Final published version appearing in 17th Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2022

Identifying Requirements in Microservice Architectural Systems

Microservices and microservice architecture has grown popularity and interest steadily since 2014 but many challenges are still faced in a software project when trying to adopt the concept. This work gathers challenges, possible solutions, and requirements related to the use of microservice architecture and therefore support the work of different stakeholders in a software project using microservice architecture, while also providing more information to the research as well. The study was conducted using systematic literature review (SLR). Overall, 63 scientific publications from four different scientific databases were selected and analysed. As a result, rapid evolution, life cycle management, complexity, performance, and a large number of integrations were identified as the most common challenges of microservice architecture. Solutions such as service orchestration, fog computing, decentralized data, and use of patterns were proposed to tackle these challenges. Regarding requirements, scalability, efficiency, flexibility, loose coupling, performance, and security appeared most frequently in the literature. The key finding of this work was the importance of data. How data acts as a base for functionalities and when inaccurate can cause complex challenges and make functionalities worthless. Based on this, we have a better understanding on what challenges may occur and what to focus on while working with microservice architecture in software development