"A different kind of knowing": speculations on understanding in light of the Philosophy of Information

This short and speculative paper considers some philosophical approaches to understanding, particularly those related to Luciano Floridi's Philosophy of Information, and based on the general idea that understanding is a special kind of knowledge. It is a slightly extended and updated version of the paper presented at CoLIS9

‘A new kind of conversation’: Michael Chekhov's ‘turn to the crafts’

Dartington Hall, which was the home of the Chekhov Theatre Studio between 1936 and 1938, also accommodated other performing artists including the Ballets Jooss and Hans Oppenheim's music school as well as artist-craftsmen such as the painter Mark Tobey, the potter Bernard Leach and the sculptor Willi Soukop. This essay examines the training undertaken in Chekhov's studio in dialogue with the practice of these artists (who also worked with his students) and theories of practice articulated by the wider constructive movement in the arts in the 1930s. It goes on to propose that Chekhov's technique be considered as a means of achieving theatre-artistry through craftsmanship, and as an artistic technique whose reach extends far beyond the confines of actor training

A different kind of urban

Like many, I had certain pre-conceptions about Milton Keynes when I first approached writing A different kind of urban; however, I have since had the good fortune to be guided into a deeper understanding of the many strands that make up this remarkable town. A recce visit with The Open University Choir conductor Bill Strang and lyricist Judi Moore in February 2017, both long-time residents, opened my eyes to a rich wealth of history when we visited key artefacts of the town (none of which I will divulge here, as it would take away from the excellent narrative of Judi’s lyrics!).A different kind of urban is in five movements. The first, ‘1: what do we celebrate?’, outlines an introductory scene, whilst ‘2: Up in the air’ and ‘3: Down on the ground’ respectively showcase the work's main themes, inspired by the town's juxtaposition of old and new. The material within these two movements sets the tone for ‘4: In the heart’ and ‘5: An ending, but not the end’, where the themes are revisited, becoming more interlinked until they are at least in part merged at the music’s culmination. The lyrics of ‘4: In the heart’ are interpreted to give a sense of drawing things together, representing a more intimate and proud knowledge of the town.The use of brass, too, plays a part in a representation of the complex and underlying layers of the town; becoming more substantial as the music progresses, evolving a relationship between choir and brass which in itself changes, just as the town has these past 50 years

A Kind of Magic

We introduce the extended Freudenthal-Rosenfeld-Tits magic square based on six algebras: the reals $\mathbb{R}$, complexes $\mathbb{C}$, ternions $\mathbb{T}$, quaternions $\mathbb{H}$, sextonions $\mathbb{S}$ and octonions $\mathbb{O}$. The ternionic and sextonionic rows/columns of the magic square yield non-reductive Lie algebras, including $\mathfrak{e}_{7\scriptscriptstyle{\frac{1}{2}}}$. It is demonstrated that the algebras of the extended magic square appear quite naturally as the symmetries of supergravity Lagrangians. The sextonionic row (for appropriate choices of real forms) gives the non-compact global symmetries of the Lagrangian for the $D=3$ maximal $\mathcal{N}=16$, magic $\mathcal{N}=4$ and magic non-supersymmetric theories, obtained by dimensionally reducing the $D=4$ parent theories on a circle, with the graviphoton left undualised. In particular, the extremal intermediate non-reductive Lie algebra $\tilde{\mathfrak{e}}_{7(7)\scriptscriptstyle{\frac{1}{2}}}$ (which is not a subalgebra of $\mathfrak{e}_{8(8)}$) is the non-compact global symmetry algebra of $D=3$, $\mathcal{N}=16$ supergravity as obtained by dimensionally reducing $D=4$, $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity with $\mathfrak{e}_{7(7)}$ symmetry on a circle. The ternionic row (for appropriate choices of real forms) gives the non-compact global symmetries of the Lagrangian for the $D=4$ maximal $\mathcal{N}=8$, magic $\mathcal{N}=2$ and magic non-supersymmetric theories obtained by dimensionally reducing the parent $D=5$ theories on a circle. In particular, the Kantor-Koecher-Tits intermediate non-reductive Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_{6(6)\scriptscriptstyle{\frac{1}{4}}}$ is the non-compact global symmetry algebra of $D=4$, $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity as obtained by dimensionally reducing $D=5$, $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity with $\mathfrak{e}_{6(6)}$ symmetry on a circle.Comment: 38 pages. Reference added and minor corrections mad

A New Kind of Finance

Finance has benefited from the Wolfram's NKS approach but it can and will benefit even more in the future, and the gains from the influence may actually be concentrated among practitioners who unintentionally employ those principles as a group.Comment: 13 pages; Forthcoming in "Irreducibility and Computational Equivalence: 10 Years After Wolfram's A New Kind of Science," Hector Zenil, ed., Springer Verlag, 201

A different kind of string

In U(1) lattice gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions, the problem of confinement can be studied analytically in a semi-classical approach, in terms of a gas of monopoles with Coulomb-like interactions. In addition, this theory can be mapped to a spin model via an exact duality transformation, which allows one to perform high-precision numerical studies of the confining potential. Taking advantage of these properties, we carried out an accurate investigation of the effective string describing the low-energy properties of flux tubes in this confining gauge theory. We found striking deviations from the expected Nambu-Goto-like behavior, and, for the first time, evidence for contributions that can be described by a term proportional to the extrinsic curvature of the effective string worldsheet. Such term is allowed by Lorentz invariance, and its presence in the infrared regime of the U(1) model was indeed predicted by Polyakov several years ago. Our results show that this term scales as expected according to Polyakov's solution, and becomes the dominant contribution to the effective string action in the continuum limit. We also demonstrate analytically that the corrections to the confining potential induced by the extrinsic curvature term can be related to the partition function of the massive perturbation of a c=1 bosonic conformal field theory. The implications of our results for SU(N) Yang-Mills theories in three and in four spacetime dimensions are discussed.Comment: 1+21 pages, 2 figures; v2 (1+24 pages, 2 figures): improved the discussion in the conclusions' section, added an appendix, included new references, updated the affiliation details for one of the authors, corrected typos: version published in the journa

A Kind of Compact Quantum Semigroups

We show that the quantum family of all maps from a finite space to a finite dimensional compact quantum semigroup has a canonical quantum semigroup structure.Comment: 9 page

A different kind of quantum search

The quantum search algorithm consists of an alternating sequence of selective inversions and diffusion type operations, as a result of which it can find a target state in an unsorted database of size N in only sqrt(N) queries. This paper shows that by replacing the selective inversions by selective phase shifts of Pi/3, the algorithm gets transformed into something similar to a classical search algorithm. Just like classical search algorithms this algorithm has a fixed point in state-space toward which it preferentially converges. In contrast, the original quantum search algorithm moves uniformly in a two-dimensional state space. This feature leads to robust search algorithms and also to conceptually new schemes for error correction.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure