Design of Fully-Integrated High-Resolution Radars in CMOS and BiCMOS Technologies

The RADAR, acronym that stands for RAdio Detection And ranging, is a device that uses electromagnetic waves to detect the presence and the distance of an illuminated target. The idea of such a system was presented in the early 1900s to determine the presence of ships. Later on, with the approach of World War II, the radar gained the interest of the army who decided to use it for defense purposes, in order to detect the presence, the distance and the speed of ships, planes and even tanks. Nowadays, the use of similar systems is extended outside the military area. Common applications span from weather surveillance to Earth composition mapping and from flight control to vehicle speed monitoring. Moreover, the introduction of new ultrawideband (UWB) technologies makes it possible to perform radar imaging which can be successfully used in the automotive or medical field. The existence of a plenty of known applications is the reason behind the choice of the topic of this thesis, which is the design of fully-integrated high-resolution radars. The first part of this work gives a brief introduction on high resolution radars and describes its working principle in a mathematical way. Then it gives a comparison between the existing radar types and motivates the choice of an integrated solution instead of a discrete one. The second part concerns the analysis and design of two CMOS high-resolution radar prototypes tailored for the early detection of the breast cancer. This part begins with an explanation of the motivations behind this project. Then it gives a thorough system analysis which indicates the best radar architecture in presence of impairments and dictates all the electrical system specifications. Afterwards, it describes in depth each block of the transceivers with particular emphasis on the local oscillator (LO) generation system which is the most critical block of the designs. Finally, the last section of this part presents the measurement results. In particular, it shows that the designed radar operates over 3 octaves from 2 to 16GHz, has a conversion gain of 36dB, a flicker-noise-corner of 30Hz and a dynamic range of 107dB. These characteristics turn into a resolution of 3mm inside the body, more than enough to detect even the smallest tumor. The third and last part of this thesis focuses on the analysis and design of some important building blocks for phased-array radars, including phase shifter (PHS), true time delay (TTD) and power combiner. This part begins with an exhaustive introduction on phased array systems followed by a detailed description of each proposed lumped-element block. The main features of each block is the very low insertion loss, the wideband characteristic and the low area consumption. Finally, the major effects of circuit parasitics are described followed by simulation and measurement results

Advances in Solid State Circuit Technologies

This book brings together contributions from experts in the fields to describe the current status of important topics in solid-state circuit technologies. It consists of 20 chapters which are grouped under the following categories: general information, circuits and devices, materials, and characterization techniques. These chapters have been written by renowned experts in the respective fields making this book valuable to the integrated circuits and materials science communities. It is intended for a diverse readership including electrical engineers and material scientists in the industry and academic institutions. Readers will be able to familiarize themselves with the latest technologies in the various fields

Advances in Optical Amplifiers

Optical amplifiers play a central role in all categories of fibre communications systems and networks. By compensating for the losses exerted by the transmission medium and the components through which the signals pass, they reduce the need for expensive and slow optical-electrical-optical conversion. The photonic gain media, which are normally based on glass- or semiconductor-based waveguides, can amplify many high speed wavelength division multiplexed channels simultaneously. Recent research has also concentrated on wavelength conversion, switching, demultiplexing in the time domain and other enhanced functions. Advances in Optical Amplifiers presents up to date results on amplifier performance, along with explanations of their relevance, from leading researchers in the field. Its chapters cover amplifiers based on rare earth doped fibres and waveguides, stimulated Raman scattering, nonlinear parametric processes and semiconductor media. Wavelength conversion and other enhanced signal processing functions are also considered in depth. This book is targeted at research, development and design engineers from teams in manufacturing industry, academia and telecommunications service operators

Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, volume 1

Papers from the technical sessions of the Technology 2001 Conference and Exposition are presented. The technical sessions featured discussions of advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, computer graphics and simulation, communications, data and information management, electronics, electro-optics, environmental technology, life sciences, materials science, medical advances, robotics, software engineering, and test and measurement

EUROSENSORS XVII : book of abstracts

Fundação Calouste Gulbenkien (FCG).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Publications of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1979

This bibliography includes 1004 technical reports, released during calendar year 1979, that resulted from scientific and engineering work performed, or managed, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Three classes of publications are included: (1) JPL Publications; (2) articles published in the open literature; and (3) articles from the bimonthly Deep Space Network Progress Report. The publications are indexed by: (1) author, (2) subject, and (3) publication type and number. A descriptive entry appears under the name of each author of each publication; an abstract is included with the entry for the primary (first listed) author. Unless designated otherwise, all publications listed are unclassified

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion

Technology 2002: the Third National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 1

The proceedings from the conference are presented. The topics covered include the following: computer technology, advanced manufacturing, materials science, biotechnology, and electronics