Cross-layer design of multi-hop wireless networks

MULTI -hop wireless networks are usually defined as a collection of nodes equipped with radio transmitters, which not only have the capability to communicate each other in a multi-hop fashion, but also to route each others’ data packets. The distributed nature of such networks makes them suitable for a variety of applications where there are no assumed reliable central entities, or controllers, and may significantly improve the scalability issues of conventional single-hop wireless networks. This Ph.D. dissertation mainly investigates two aspects of the research issues related to the efficient multi-hop wireless networks design, namely: (a) network protocols and (b) network management, both in cross-layer design paradigms to ensure the notion of service quality, such as quality of service (QoS) in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) for backhaul applications and quality of information (QoI) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for sensing tasks. Throughout the presentation of this Ph.D. dissertation, different network settings are used as illustrative examples, however the proposed algorithms, methodologies, protocols, and models are not restricted in the considered networks, but rather have wide applicability. First, this dissertation proposes a cross-layer design framework integrating a distributed proportional-fair scheduler and a QoS routing algorithm, while using WMNs as an illustrative example. The proposed approach has significant performance gain compared with other network protocols. Second, this dissertation proposes a generic admission control methodology for any packet network, wired and wireless, by modeling the network as a black box, and using a generic mathematical 0. Abstract 3 function and Taylor expansion to capture the admission impact. Third, this dissertation further enhances the previous designs by proposing a negotiation process, to bridge the applications’ service quality demands and the resource management, while using WSNs as an illustrative example. This approach allows the negotiation among different service classes and WSN resource allocations to reach the optimal operational status. Finally, the guarantees of the service quality are extended to the environment of multiple, disconnected, mobile subnetworks, where the question of how to maintain communications using dynamically controlled, unmanned data ferries is investigated

Simulation of Relay modes in IEEE 802.16j Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) WIMAX Networks

Two different relay modes are defined in IEEE 802.16j WIMAX standard: transparent mode and non-transparent mode. The non transparent mode is used to extend the coverage area of base stations, where low cost relay station of equal capacity as that of base station is placed at suitable position. Time taken to accept mobile stations and Bandwidth allocation are main problems in non transparent mode. In this we have studied the IEEE 802.16j standard multi hop relay WIMAX networks. We have used relay stations to extend the coverage of base stations. We have also analyzed the throughput between mobile stations with in the coverage area and outside coverage area of base stations. We have simulated the IEEE 802.16j transparent and non transparent mode multi hop WIMAX relay networks using NCTUns Too

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed and ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected. Traditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime satellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks using fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services. Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs. Despite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient maritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications, conventional communication and networking theories and methods should be tailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key technologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage, and provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to be smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and atmosphere conditions, are also discussed

TDMAとDCFの組み合わせによるアドホックネットワーク上でのQoS通信の実現方式

　An ad hoc network does not rely on the fixed network infrastructure; it uses a distributed network management method. With the popularity of the smart devices, ad hoc network has received more and more attention, supporting QoS in ad hoc network has become inevitable. Many researches have been done for provision of QoS in ad hoc networks. These researches can be divided into three types.　The first type is contention-based approach which is the most widely used. IEEE 802.11e MAC (media access control) protocol belongs to this type which is an extension of IEEE 802.11 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function). It specifies a procedure to guarantee QoS by providing more transmission opportunities for high priority data. However, since IEEE 802.11eis designed based on the premise that access points are used, when the number of QoS flows increases, packet collisions could occur in multi-hop ad hoc network.　The second type is using TDMA-based approach. The TDMA approach can provide contention-free access for QoS traffics through the appropriate time slot reservation. The current TDMA approaches reserve time slots for both QoS traffics and best-effort traffics. However, it is difficult for TDMA as the only approach to allocating channel access time for best-effort traffics sincet he required bandwidth of the best-effort traffics changes frequently.　We propose a QoS scheme, which takes advantage of both contention-based approach and TDMA-based approach. In the proposed scheme, contention-based approach DCF provides easy and fair channel time for best-effort traffics, and TDMA approach serves the QoS traffics. A time frame structure is designed to manage the bandwidth allocation. A time frame is divided into two periods, specifically the TDMA periods and the DCF periods. The proportion of two periods is decided by QoS traffics. Therefore the QoS traffics are given absolutely higher priority than best-effort traffics. In order to guarantee the transmission of each QoS packet in TDMA period, a time slot assignment algorithm based on QoS data rate has been proposed. The proposed scheme also employs an admission control scheme, which rejects the new QoS user when the channel capacity is reached. In addition, we provide the configuration of the proposed scheme in the mobile environment. The procedures are designed for route changes and new-adding users. 　The proposed scheme is simulated in the QualNet simulator. In the static environment, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in the case of a gradual increase in the number TCP flows and in the case of gradual increase in QoS data rate. Simulation results show that in the static environment the proposed scheme can not only provide effective QoS performance, but also can provide good support for best-effort flows. In the mobile environment, we simulated the performance of the proposed scheme at different moving speed (maximum is 5 Km/h) when the ARF (Auto Rate Fallback) is available. From the simulation results, in a specific mobile environment, the proposed scheme can support the QoS transmission well.電気通信大学201

Network virtualization in next-generation cellular networks: a spectrum pooling approach

The hardship of expanding the cellular network market results from the tremendous high cost of mobile infrastructure, i.e. the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and the operational expenditures (OPEX). Spectrum Sharing is one of the proposed solution for the high-cost of scalability of cellular networks. However, most of the proposed spectrum pooling frameworks in the literature are mostly approached from a technical view besides there are no good cost models based on real datasets for quantifying the circumstances under which sharing the spectrum and network resources would be beneficial to mobile operators. In this thesis, by studying different sharing scenarios in a fiber-based backhaul mobile network, we assess the incentives for service providers (SPs) to share spectrum/infrastructure in different cellular market areas/economic areas (CMA/BEAs) with different population density, allocated bandwidth (BW), spectrum bid values and considering different network topologies. Moreover, we look at the technical problem of sharing the spectrum between two SPs sharing the same basestation (BS), yet they have different traffic demand as well as different QoS constraints. We design a resource allocation scheme to provision real-time (RT), non-real-time (NRT) as well as Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) traffic in a single shared BS scenario such that SPs achieve isolation, fairness and enforce their QoS constraints. Finally, we exploit spectrum pooling to develop an approach for dynamically re-configuring the base stations that survive a disaster and are powered by a microgrid to form a multi-hop mesh network in order to provide local cellular service