2,610 research outputs found
What Isnât Obvious about âobviousâ: A Data-driven Approach to Philosophy of Logic
It is often said that âevery logical truth is obviousâ (Quine 1970: 82), that the âaxioms and rules of logic are true in an obvious wayâ (Murawski 2014: 87), or that âlogic is a theory of the obviousâ (Sher 1999: 207). In this chapter, I set out to test empirically how the idea that logic is obvious is reflected in the scholarly work of logicians and philosophers of logic. My approach is data-driven. That is to say, I propose that systematically searching for patterns of usage in databases of scholarly works, such as JSTOR, can provide new insights into the ways in which the idea that logic is obvious is reflected in logical and philosophical practice, i.e., in the arguments that logicians and philosophers of logic actually make in their published work
Barry Smith an sich
Festschrift in Honor of Barry Smith on the occasion of his 65th Birthday. Published as issue 4:4 of the journal Cosmos + Taxis: Studies in Emergent Order and Organization. Includes contributions by Wolfgang Grassl, Nicola Guarino, John T. Kearns, Rudolf LĂŒthe, Luc Schneider, Peter Simons, Wojciech Ć»eĆaniec, and Jan WoleĆski
The Art of Finding Arguments
Kienpointner (1997) showed how the ancient status theory and the Aristotelian theory of topics are partsof an art of argument invention that selects premises to be used in a chain of argumentation from a database of premises accepted by the audience a speaker is trying to persuade. He showed how pursuit of this art of finding arguments, although discredited in the Enlightenment, has recently has been taken up again by argumentation theorists. In this paper it is shown that with the recent advent of computational argumentation systems in artificial intelligence, a technology is now available to help an arguer to find arguments that support her claim, and to refute counter-arguments opposing her claim
Some research possibilities in diagnostic radiography
This is tha author's PDF version of an article published in Radiography© 1998. The definitive version is available at www.elsevierhealth.comAlthough scientific method is usually viewed as starting with hypotheses which must then be exposed to experimental test, there are situations where this rigid scenario is inappropriate. Fortunately, the alternatives provide avenues for valuable investigative work in radiographic research. Research questions may be addressed by collecting data from existing sources in a way that not only provides fundamental information about human biology, but may improve the efficacy of radiographic practice while avoiding ethical problems about the use of patients. Among those involved in osteology, it is radiographers who see and store the most bone images. Subsequently, they have access to more osteological information than anyone else. All that remains is for this information to be extracted and put into a more accessible form. Since they are closely involved with the patients from whom their radiographs stem, there are research questions which radiographers are uniquely situated to raise.Supported by a University of Liverpool research development gran
A Meta-Logic of Inference Rules: Syntax
This work was intended to be an attempt to introduce the meta-language for
working with multiple-conclusion inference rules that admit asserted
propositions along with the rejected propositions. The presence of rejected
propositions, and especially the presence of the rule of reverse substitution,
requires certain change the definition of structurality
Arguments Whose Strength Depends on Continuous Variation
Both the traditional Aristotelian and modern symbolic approaches to logic have seen logic in terms of discrete symbol processing. Yet there are several kinds of argument whose validity depends on some topological notion of continuous variation, which is not well captured by discrete symbols. Examples include extrapolation and slippery slope arguments, sorites, fuzzy logic, and those involving closeness of possible worlds. It is argued that the natural first attempts to analyze these notions and explain their relation to reasoning fail, so that ignorance of their nature is profound
A BIBLIOGRAPHY: JOHN CORCORANâS PUBLICATIONS ON ARISTOTLE 1972â2015
This presentation includes a complete bibliography of John Corcoranâs publications devoted at least in part to Aristotleâs logic. Sections IâIV list 20 articles, 43 abstracts, 3 books, and 10 reviews. It starts with two watershed articles published in 1972: the Philosophy & Phenomenological Research article that antedates Corcoranâs Aristotleâs studies and the Journal of Symbolic Logic article first reporting his original results; it ends with works published in 2015. A few of the items are annotated with endnotes connecting them with other work. In addition, Section V âDiscussionsâ is a nearly complete secondary bibliography of works describing, interpreting, extending, improving, supporting, and criticizing Corcoranâs work: 8 items published in the 1970s, 22 in the 1980s, 39 in the 1990s, 56 in the 2000s, and 65 in the current decade. The secondary bibliography is annotated with endnotes: some simply quoting from the cited item, but several answering criticisms and identifying errors. As is evident from the Acknowledgements sections, all of Corcoranâs publications benefited from correspondence with other scholars, most notably Timothy Smiley, Michael Scanlan, and Kevin Tracy. All of Corcoranâs Greek translations were done in consultation with two or more classicists. Corcoran never published a sentence without discussing it with his colleagues and students.
REQUEST: Please send errors, omissions, and suggestions. I am especially interested in citations made in non-English publications
Aristotle's <i>On Sophistical Refutations</i>
This is a so-called "untimely review," that is a review of a work by a renowned author from the past where the reviewer pretends that the work has just appeared to assess its value for current discussions
Implicit dialogical premises, explanation as argument: a corpus-based reconstruction
This paper focuses on an explanation in a newspaper article: why new European Union citizens will come to the UK from Eastern Europe (e.g., because of available jobs). Using a corpus-based method of analysis, I show how regular target readers have been positioned to generate premises in dialogue with the explanation propositions, and thus into an understanding of the explanation as an argument, one which contains a biased conclusion not apparent in the text. Employing this method, and in particular âcorpus comparative statistical keywordsâ, I show how two issues can be freshly looked at: implicit premise recovery; the argument/explanation distinction
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