Automated end user-centred adaptation of web components through automated description logic-based reasoning

Context: This paper addresses one of the major end-user development (EUD) challenges, namely, how to pack today?s EUD support tools with composable elements. This would give end users better access to more components which they can use to build a solution tailored to their own needs. The success of later end-user software engineering (EUSE) activities largely depends on how many components each tool has and how adaptable components are to multiple problem domains. Objective: A system for automatically adapting heterogeneous components to a common development environment would offer a sizeable saving of time and resources within the EUD support tool construction process. This paper presents an automated adaptation system for transforming EUD components to a standard format. Method: This system is based on the use of description logic. Based on a generic UML2 data model, this description logic is able to check whether an end-user component can be transformed to this modeling language through subsumption or as an instance of the UML2 model. Besides it automatically finds a consistent, non-ambiguous and finite set of XSLT mappings to automatically prepare data in order to leverage the component as part of a tool that conforms to the target UML2 component model. Results: The proposed system has been successfully applied to components from four prominent EUD tools. These components were automatically converted to a standard format. In order to validate the proposed system, rich internet applications (RIA) used as an operational support system for operators at a large services company were developed using automatically adapted standard format components. These RIAs would be impossible to develop using each EUD tool separately. Conclusion: The positive results of applying our system for automatically adapting components from current tool catalogues are indicative of the system?s effectiveness. Use of this system could foster the growth of web EUD component catalogues, leveraging a vast ecosystem of user-centred SaaS to further current EUSE trends

A mobile-based solution for supporting end-users in the composition of services

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3910-4Currently, technologies and applications evolve to create eco-systems made up of a myriad of heterogeneous and distributed services that are accessible anytime and anywhere. Even though these services can be used individually, it is their coordinated and combined usage what provide an added value to end-users. In addition, user¿s wide adoption of mobile devices for daily activities have fostered a shift in the role played by end-users towards Internet data and services. However, existing solutions to service composition are not targeted to ordinary end-users. More easy-to-use tools have to be offered to end-users to make sure that they are successfully accepted and used by them. To this end, the work presented in this paper supports end-users in the creation of service compositions by using mobile devices. We present a Domain Specific Visual Language (DSVL) for end-users that allows them to create service compositions. A tool specifically designed for mobile devices supports this DSVL.This work has been developed with the support of MINECO under the project SMART ADAPT TIN2013-42981-P and co-financed with ERDF.Valderas Aranda, PJ.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Mansanet Benavent, I.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2016). A mobile-based solution for supporting end-users in the composition of services. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3910-4S131Athreya B, Bahmani F, Diede A, Scaffidi C (2012) End-user programmers on the loose: a study of programming on the phone for the phone. In IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 75–82Atoma (2015) Atoomam, a touch of magic. Accesible at: https://www.atooma.com/ . 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A Field Study of End User Camputing Findings and Issues

In order to assess the state and direction of end user computing in the St. Louis corporate environment, nineteen IS directors or managers and sixty-seven end users in twenty separate locations were interviewed from December 1982 to March 1983. The end users interviewed represented al 1 level s of corporate management and fifteen different departmental environments. However, fully forty percent of them were from the area of finance and accounting. The end users were fairly evenly divided between those using mainframe resources and those using microcomputers. The findings of the study can be described in the following categories: Historv and Growth Patterns Though end user computing for other than scientific and engineering applications was in its infancy, there were signs of growth. This growth was both speeded up and complicated by the introduction of microcomputers. Apol ications -- Those using mainframe software primarily used appl ications rel ating to data capture, query, and retrieval, while those using micros primarily did analytical applications such as Proj ecti ons, model s, and other \u27what if\u27 procedures. Micro users tended to devel op almost twice the appl ications of mai nframe users. Microcomputer Cost Justi fication Micro users were able to demonstrate some dramatic productivity increases and cost savings. Perceived Problems End users were loath to document, backup, and provide adequate security for the applications they devel oped. Few of them had become programmers but some of them feared that being identified as a computer user could damage their careers. Support and Training Most of the companies had or were developing significant support and training for mainframe oriented end users. But a lack of coherent policy concerning micros meant that little if any support or training was avail abl e for those using them. While .most of those using mainframe resources had significant training, well over twothi rds of micro users were essentially self trained. The end users suggested a wide variety of needed training. For themsel ves they sought advanced skills in appl ication development as well as orientation to the use and selection· of software and training in database and communications technol ogy. They al so sought tral ni ng for other managers, especially top management, in the capabilities, limitations, and importance of computer technology. Five critical issues in the development of end user computing were identified: 1) How can the security of corporate data and the integrity of computer reports be protected in an end user environment without stifling the benefits? 2) How and in what ci rcumstances can and shoul d corporate databases be made accessi bl e to microcomputer users? 3) What kind of educati on do end users need and who will provide it? 4) What is the role of information services in a growing end user environment? 5) How will top management be enabled and encouraged to make those decisions needed to ensure that the new and powerful tool s now avail able and coming quickly over the horizon will be used to revolutionize the productivity and not the stability of the corporation

CliRtheRoads: An Integrated Approach to Landslide Risk Management on Roads in Serbia

In the framework of the project “Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in the Road Transportation Management in Serbia (CliRtheRoads)”, a complex mapping tool was developed to support the Government of Serbia and Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia in climate change adaptation planning and management. The software solution comprises of: a web portal for data entry and management for authorised users; a publicly available web-GIS application; a mobile GIS application; and a back-end database. This paper briefly overviews the system, focusing on the landslide data model. Therein, the main system and software solution breakthrough is automatizing the estimation of investment costs of engineering and non-engineering measures recommended at affected locations along the road network. A retrospective on its applicability and user feedback is also included. The objective was to facilitate seamless road management by providing necessary data in a simple, understandable fashion, indicating which locations on the road network have higher priority. The introduced level of automation allows easier decision-making and investment planning

Towards the Composition of Services by End-Users: A Mobile-Based Solution

[EN] Nowadays, we live surrounded by heterogeneous and distributed services that are available to people anytime and anywhere. Even though these services can be used individually, it is through their synchronized and combined usage that end-users are provided with added value. However, existing solutions to service composition are not targeted at ordinary end-users. In fact, these solutions require technical knowledge to deal with the technological heterogeneity in which they are offered to the market. To this end, the paper presents a tool-supported platform that is aided by: (1) EUCalipTool, an end-user mobile tool that implements a Domain Specific Visual Language, which has been specifically designed to compose services on mobile devices; (2) a Faceted Service Registry, which plays the role of gateway between service implementations and end-users, hiding technological issues from the latter when including services in a composition; and (3) a Generation Module, which transforms end-user descriptions into BPMN specification that are interpreted by an execution infrastructure developed for that purpose.This work has been developed with the financial support of the Spanish State Research Agency under the project TIN2017-84094-R and co-financed with ERDF.Valderas, P.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2020). Towards the Composition of Services by End-Users: A Mobile-Based Solution. 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Requirements Engineering in the Context of Big Data Software Applications

Big Data applications, like traditional applications, serve end-user needs except that underlying the software system is Big Data which the system operates upon to improve or provide different end-user experience with the application. In comparison to traditional software development where the development processes are usually well-established, the development of Big Data applications is - to our knowledge - not explored to any significant degree. With Big Data, characterised by the well-known V attributes, questions arise as to how to elicit, specify, analyse, and document system requirements. While requirements engineering (RE) has long been recognised as critical for downstream development of computer systems, the field is currently passive about how to deal with characteristics of data in the RE process in the development of Big Data software applications. This problem is compounded by the fact that the RE field had no domain model (until recently) for Big Data systems depicting the various artefacts, activities, and relationships amongst them that, in turn, can be used to support RE specifications, product design, project decisions, and maintenance. In this thesis research, we investigated empirically a number of issues in RE involving Big Data applications, leading to the following research contributions: (i) knowledge concerning (a) the state of RE research involving Big Data applications, and (b) RE practices on real-world Big Data applications projects; (ii) a set of RE challenges in creating Big Data applications; (iii) a meta-model depicting the various RE artefacts and their inter-relationships in the context of Big Data software development projects; (iv) a goal-oriented approach (composed of a systematic process, requirements logging templates, checklists, and a requirements language) for modelling quality requirements for Big Data applications; and (v) a prototype tool that implements the proposed Big Data goal-oriented requirements language. These results lay a foundation in RE research involving Big Data applications development with anticipated impact in real-world projects and in RE research

A social network for supporting end-users in the composition of services: definition and proof of concept

[EN] Nowadays, end users are surrounded by plenty of services that are somehow supporting their daily routines and activities. Involving end users into the process of service creation can allow end users to benefit from a cheaper, faster, and better service provisioning. Even though we can already find tools that face this challenge, they consider end users as isolate individuals. In this paper, we investigate how social networks can be used to improve the composition of services by end users. To do so, we propose a graph-based definition of a social structure, and analyse how social connections can be exploited to both facilitate end users to discover services through browsing these connections, and recommend services to end users during the composition activity. As proof of concept, we implement and evaluate the proposed social network in the context of EUCalipTool, a mobile end-user environment for composing services.This work has been developed with the financial support of the Spanish State Research Agency under the Project TIN2017-84094-R and co-financed with ERDF.Valderas, P.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2020). A social network for supporting end-users in the composition of services: definition and proof of concept. Computing. 102(8):1909-1940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00796-8S190919401028Yu J, Sheng QZ, Han J, Wu Y, Liu C (2012) A semantically enhanced service repository for user-centric service discovery and management. Data Knowl Eng 72:202–218Daniel F, Casati F, Benatallah B, Shan M-C (2009) Hosted universal composition: models, languages and infrastructure in mashart. In: International conference on conceptual modeling. 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Designing AI Experiences: Boundary Representations, Collaborative Processes, and Data Tools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed our everyday interactions with technology through automation, intelligence augmentation, and human-machine partnership. Nevertheless, we regularly encounter undesirable and often frustrating experiences due to AI. A fundamental challenge is that existing software practices for coordinating system and experience designs fall short when creating AI for diverse human needs, i.e., ``human-centered AI'' or HAI. ``AI-first'' development workflows allow engineers to first develop the AI components, and then user experience (UX) designers create end-user experiences around the AI's capabilities. Consequently, engineers encounter end-user blindness when making critical decisions about AI training data needs, implementation logic, behavior, and evaluation. In the conventional ``UX-first'' process, UX designers lack the needed technical understanding of AI capabilities (technological blindness) that limits their ability to shape system design from the ground up. Human-AI design guidelines have been offered to help but neither describe nor prescribe ways to bridge the gaps in needed expertise in creating HAI. In this dissertation, I investigate collaboration approaches between designers and engineers to operationalize the vision for HAI as technology inspired by human intelligence that augments human abilities while addressing societal needs. In a series of studies combining technical HCI research with qualitative studies of AI production in practice, I contribute (1) an approach to software development that blurs rigid design-engineering boundaries, (2) a process model for co-designing AI experiences, and (3) new methods and tools to empower designers by making AI accessible to UX designers. Key findings from interviews with industry practitioners include the need for ``leaky'' abstractions shared between UX and AI designers. Because modular development and separation of concerns fail with HAI design, leaky abstractions afford collaboration across expertise boundaries and support human-centered design solutions through vertical prototyping and constant evaluation. Further, by observing how designers and engineers collaborate on HAI design in an in-lab study, I highlight the role of design `probes' with user data to establish common ground between AI system and UX design specifications, providing a critical tool for shaping HAI design. Finally, I offer two design methods and tool implementations --- Data-Assisted Affinity Diagramming and Model Informed Prototyping --- for incorporating end-user data into HAI design. HAI is necessarily a multidisciplinary endeavor, and human data (in multiple forms) is the backbone of AI systems. My dissertation contributions inform how stakeholders with differing expertise can collaboratively design AI experiences by reducing friction across expertise boundaries and maintaining agency within team roles. The data-driven methods and tools I created provide direct support for software teams to tackle the novel challenges of designing with data. Finally, this dissertation offers guidance for imagining future design tools for human-centered systems that are accessible to diverse stakeholders.PHDInformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169917/1/harihars_1.pd

Unleashing the Effectiveness of Process-oriented Information Systems: Problem Analysis, Critical Success Factors, Implications

Process-oriented information systems (IS) aim at the computerized support of business processes. So far, contemporary IS have often fail to meet this goal. To better understand this drawback, to systematically identify its rationales, and to derive critical success factors for business process support, we conducted three empirical studies: an exploratory case study in the automotive domain, an online survey among 79 IT professionals, and another online survey among 70 business process management (BPM) experts. This paper summarizes the findings of these studies, puts them in relation with each other, and uses them to show that "process-orientation" is scarce and "process-awareness" is needed in IS engineering

CitySim Guide : Urban Energy Modelling

The proposed work is a dynamic guide, particularly designed for students, researchers and planners, to the tool CitySim. CitySim is an urban energy modelling tool, which belongs to the energy simulation software family. Its peculiar feature is to consider the simulation scene as a complex urban environment, where the energy fluxes interact with each other. Currently, several works (peer reviewed journals and conferences articles) were already performed in order to present the main features of the tool, as well as the physical model behind it, but a complete guide, able to fully describe the tool, is currently missed. Due to the rising interest on the urban energy modelling domain, and its enormous potential as political instrument to manage the energy fluxes within the urban environment, the proposed work represents an essential instrument of support for researchers, students and planners. The proposed book, named “CitySim Guide. Urban energy modelling” is a guide to the software CitySim, able to explain, step by step, how to use this software. The guide presents both the software CitySim, as well as the user graphical interface CitySim Pro. This work is subdivided into three main parts: i) an introduction, with the input data and tools required to create the CitySim model, ii) the physical models behind the tool, the graphical user interface, and iii) a real case study in the city of Torino (Italy). In the introduction, all the required input data to create the CitySim model are presented, as well as the software tools that will be used, showing their role and the way they are integrated within the CitySim features. When introducing the tools, the downloading and installation procedure will be also shown. In the second part, the description of core of the tool are explained, from the buildings features (e.g. the physical properties of the envelope, the renewable energy systems, the occupants behaviors, etc.) to the outdoor surfaces properties (e.g. albedo, thermal conductivity, evapotranspiration, etc.). In the end, a detailed description of the results is reported. In the third part, the case study of a district in the city of Turin (Italy) is described from the processing of input data, to the final phase of the results. The last part is quite important in order to understand the tool: the set-up of the model, as well as the results are presented in detail, providing an important instrument to the users, which are able to reproduce the exercise. The proposed work is an important instrument for the teaching activities: it will be used both in the Politecnico of Torino, as well as in the EPFL of Lausanne, as support to the courses in the Bachelor and Master level of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Territorial, Urban, Environmental and Landscape Planning, as well as for the Master Thesis and the semester projects. Additionally, as evident from the references provided in the end of the work, CitySim is an important instrument, well used in the academic world. Consequently, the guide has a strong potential to be used worldwide, by researchers in the field of the urban energy modelling