Introduction to Cyber-of-Things: Cyber-crimes and Cyber-Security Minitrack

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Investigating 3D Printer Residual Data

The continued adoption of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies is raising concerns in the security, forensics, and intelligence gathering communities. These concerns range from identifying and mitigating compromised devices, to theft of intellectual property, to sabotage, to the production of prohibited objects. Previous research has provided insight into the retrieval of configuration information maintained on the devices, but this work shows that the devices can additionally maintain information about the print process. Comparisons between before and after images taken from an AM device reveal details about the device’s activities, including printed designs, menu interactions, and the print history. Patterns in the storage of that information also may be useful for reducing the amount of data that needs to be examined during an investigation. These results provide a foundation for future investigations regarding the tools and processes suitable for examining these devices

Perceived Risks and Personal Motivation

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2019. 2. 황준석.전통적인 제조 방법에 대한 대안으로 삼차원 프린터는 최근 대중으로부터 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 기술의 발전과 가격 하락에도 불구하고 3차원 프린터는 여전히 학술 연구가 부족하고 일반적인 사용에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 또한 현재의 법규 및 규제가 불충분하여 책임 문제 및 지적 재산권 문제와 같은 문제의 처리에 제한이 있다. 적절한 전략을 수립하고 업계를 홍보하기 위해서는 소비자 행동에 대한보다 깊은 이해가 필요하다. 이 논문은 인지된 위험성 및 동기 부여와 함께 확대된 기술수용모델(TAM)을 사용하여 사용자의 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기능적, 금전적, 법적, 물리적, 심리적 리스크가 주요 위험의 차원으로 선택되었고 시장의 동기 부여가 사회적 영향으로써 선택되었다. 가정용 삼차원프린터 사용에 있어 소비자의 역할이 기존의 생산방식과 다르기 때문에 2단계 (가정용프린터 사용 및 프린팅한 제품 사용)의 분석 결과를 비교했다. 총 304 개의 샘플을 온라인 설문 시스템을 통해 수집하고 구조 방정식 모델을 통해 분석하였다. 결과는 각각의 위험들이 소비자가 인식하는 전반적인 위험에 기여한다는 것을 보여 주며 지각된 위험은 '가정용 삼차원프린터 사용' 단계에서 사용 의도에 부정적인 영향을 주고 '인쇄 된 제품 사용'단계에서 지각된 유용성에 부정적인 영향을 준다. 또한 전반적인 위험이 소비자의 가정용 삼차원프린터 사용에 영향을 주는 경로는 사용자의 DIY 경험과 Identity 동기에 따라 다르다. 인쇄된 제품을 사용하는 단계에서 전반적인 위험은 낮은 동기 부여 그룹과 경험이 없는 그룹에서 사용 의도에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 높은 동기 부여 그룹과 경험 있는 그룹은 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.As an alternative to traditional manufacturing methods, three-dimensional printer (3DP) has attracted considerable attention from the consumer. Despite improving technology and dropping price, however, certain aspects of 3DP remains sparse, and general use of the technology remain under-studied. In addition, current regulations and laws are insufficient and limited in handling arising problems, such as liability problems and intellectual property (IP) issues. To implement proper strategies and promote the industry, a deeper understanding of consumer behaviors is needed. Using an extended version of the technology acceptance model (TAM) with perceived risk and motivations, this paper aims to investigate the factors affecting users intention to use desktop 3DP. Performance, financial, legal, physical, and psychological risk are selected as dimensions of risk. Marketplace and identity motivations are selected as dimensions of social influence. Because 3DP meets the needs of consumers at different stages, we compare the analyzed results of two stages of 3DP use (namely, usage of 3D printers and usage of 3D printed products). A total of 407 sample questionnaires were collected through an online survey system and analyzed with a structural equation model. The results show that each facet of risk contributed to users perceived overall risk in 3DP, which in turn negatively impacted their intention to use 3DP in the stage of use of desktop 3D printers as well as users perceived usefulness of 3DP in the stage of printed product use. Furthermore, the results suggest that paths showing how overall risk affects consumers intention to use desktop 3DP differ depending on users do-it-yourself experience and users motivation of identity. Overall risk has indirect effects in the low-motivation group and in the non-experience group, while overall risk shows no effects in the high-motivation group and experienced group herein. Our research concludes with a discussion of managerial and political implications based on findings.Abstract iii Contents v List of Tables viii List of Figures ix 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 4 2.1 THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTER 4 2.1.1 General Concept 4 2.1.2 Desktop 3DP 7 2.2 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL(TAM) 9 2.2.1 General Concept 9 2.2.2 TAM in Different Stage 11 2.2.3 TAM 2 12 2.3 PROSUMPTION 14 2.3.1 General Concept 14 2.3.2 DIY(Do-It-Yourself) Behavior 15 2.4 PERCEIVED RISK 16 2.4.1 General Concept 16 2.4.2 Dimensions of Perceived Risk 18 3. Conceptual Model and Hypotheses 20 3.1 CONCEPTUAL MODEL 20 3.2 VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES 21 3.2.1 TAM 21 3.2.2 Revision of TAM 2 22 3.2.3 Perceived Overall Risk 24 3.2.4 Dimension of Overall Risk 25 3.3 STAGE COMPARISON 28 4. Research Methodology 30 4.1 DATA COLLECTION 30 4.2 SURVEY DEVELOPMENT 32 5. Result 33 5.1 RESULT OF FACTOR ANALYSIS 33 5.1.1 Desktop 3DP usage stage 33 5.1.2 Printed product usage stage 36 5.2 ANALYSIS RESULT 39 5.2.1 Desktop 3DP usage stage 39 5.2.2 Printed product usage stage 41 5.3 EFFECTS OF MODERATING VARIABLES 44 5.4 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 46 5.4.1 Comparison between Stages 46 5.4.2 Group Comparison 48 6. Conclusion 49 6.1 ACADEMIC IMPLICATION 49 6.2 PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS 50 6.3 LIMITATION AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 51 Appendix 1: Survey Sheet 60 Appendix 2. Descriptive Statistics of the Variables 75 Abstract (Korean) 78Maste

Systematic Classification of Side-Channel Attacks: A Case Study for Mobile Devices

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3D Printing and intellectual property futures

This report contains socio-legal research conducted on the relationship between 3D printing and intellectual property (IP) at the current point in time and in potential future scenarios, through the use of horizon-scanning methods in six countries—China, France, India, Russia, Singapore and the UK - to build a rich picture of this issue, comprising both developed and emerging economies