1,711 research outputs found
Automatic and Human-AI Interactive Text Generation
In this tutorial, we focus on text-to-text generation, a class of natural
language generation (NLG) tasks, that takes a piece of text as input and then
generates a revision that is improved according to some specific criteria
(e.g., readability or linguistic styles), while largely retaining the original
meaning and the length of the text. This includes many useful applications,
such as text simplification, paraphrase generation, style transfer, etc. In
contrast to text summarization and open-ended text completion (e.g., story),
the text-to-text generation tasks we discuss in this tutorial are more
constrained in terms of semantic consistency and targeted language styles. This
level of control makes these tasks ideal testbeds for studying the ability of
models to generate text that is both semantically adequate and stylistically
appropriate. Moreover, these tasks are interesting from a technical standpoint,
as they require complex combinations of lexical and syntactical
transformations, stylistic control, and adherence to factual knowledge, -- all
at once. With a special focus on text simplification and revision, this
tutorial aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art natural language
generation research from four major aspects -- Data, Models, Human-AI
Collaboration, and Evaluation -- and to discuss and showcase a few significant
and recent advances: (1) the use of non-retrogressive approaches; (2) the shift
from fine-tuning to prompting with large language models; (3) the development
of new learnable metric and fine-grained human evaluation framework; (4) a
growing body of studies and datasets on non-English languages; (5) the rise of
HCI+NLP+Accessibility interdisciplinary research to create real-world writing
assistant systems.Comment: To appear at ACL 2024, Tutoria
The Anatomy of a Grid portal
In this paper we introduce a new way to deal with Grid portals referring to
our implementation. L-GRID is a light portal to access the EGEE/EGI Grid
infrastructure via Web, allowing users to submit their jobs from a common Web
browser in a few minutes, without any knowledge about the Grid infrastructure.
It provides the control over the complete lifecycle of a Grid Job, from its
submission and status monitoring, to the output retrieval. The system,
implemented as client-server architecture, is based on the Globus Grid
middleware. The client side application is based on a java applet; the server
relies on a Globus User Interface. There is no need of user registration on the
server side, and the user needs only his own X.509 personal certificate. The
system is user-friendly, secure (it uses SSL protocol, mechanism for dynamic
delegation and identity creation in public key infrastructures), highly
customizable, open source, and easy to install. The X.509 personal certificate
does not get out from the local machine. It allows to reduce the time spent for
the job submission, granting at the same time a higher efficiency and a better
security level in proxy delegation and management.Comment: 6 page
SONIA: an immersive customizable virtual reality system for the education and exploration of brain networks
While mastery of neuroanatomy is important for the investigation of the
brain, there is an increasing interest in exploring the neural pathways to
better understand the roles of neural circuitry in brain functions. To tackle
the limitations of traditional 2D-display-based neuronavigation software in
intuitively visualizing complex 3D anatomies, several virtual reality (VR) and
augmented reality (AR) solutions have been proposed to facilitate
neuroanatomical education. However, with the increasing knowledge on brain
connectivity and the functioning of the sub-systems, there is still a lack of
similar software solutions for the education and exploration of these topics,
which demand more elaborate visualization and interaction strategies. To
address this gap, we designed the immerSive custOmizable Neuro learnIng plAform
(SONIA), a novel user-friendly VR software system with a multi-scale
interaction paradigm that allows flexible customization of learning materials.
With both quantitative and qualitative evaluations through user studies, the
proposed system is shown to have high usability, attractive visual design, and
good educational value. As the first immersive system that integrates
customizable design and detailed narratives of the brain sub-systems for the
education of neuroanatomy and brain connectivity, SONIA showcases new potential
directions and provides valuable insights regarding medical learning and
exploration in VR
Perspectives on Case-based Multimedia Web Projects in Science
This article discusses the merits of case-based learning in an interactive online environment. Researchers used both qualitative and quantitative research over a 2-year period to examine the learning that occurred in a high school context when students were engaged in a case-based multimedia project. Part of the Case It! project, students played both the role of laboratory technician performing and presenting research as well as professionals using the information in their practice. Students were required to use three types of simulation software developed exclusively for the Case It! project. Results were measured using both pre- and post-tests, artifacts students created such as Web posters, records of Internet conferences, and interviews from both the students and the teacher involved in this project. Researches found the online format of the lesson fostered a higher level of questioning and problem solving skills, as well as extended explanations and discussions of ethics in science. Educational levels: Graduate or professional
Visual exploration of semantic-web-based knowledge structures
Humans have a curious nature and seek a better understanding of the world. Data, in-
formation, and knowledge became assets of our modern society through the information
technology revolution in the form of the internet. However, with the growing size of
accumulated data, new challenges emerge, such as searching and navigating in these large
collections of data, information, and knowledge. The current developments in academic
and industrial contexts target the corresponding challenges using Semantic Web techno-
logies. The Semantic Web is an extension of the Web and provides machine-readable
representations of knowledge for various domains. These machine-readable representations
allow intelligent machine agents to understand the meaning of the data and information;
and enable additional inference of new knowledge.
Generally, the Semantic Web is designed for information exchange and its processing
and does not focus on presenting such semantically enriched data to humans. Visualizations
support exploration, navigation, and understanding of data by exploiting humans’ ability
to comprehend complex data through visual representations. In the context of Semantic-
Web-Based knowledge structures, various visualization methods and tools are available,
and new ones are being developed every year. However, suitable visualizations are highly
dependent on individual use cases and targeted user groups.
In this thesis, we investigate visual exploration techniques for Semantic-Web-Based
knowledge structures by addressing the following challenges: i) how to engage various user
groups in modeling such semantic representations; ii) how to facilitate understanding using
customizable visual representations; and iii) how to ease the creation of visualizations
for various data sources and different use cases. The achieved results indicate that visual
modeling techniques facilitate the engagement of various user groups in ontology modeling.
Customizable visualizations enable users to adjust visualizations to the current needs and
provide different views on the data. Additionally, customizable visualization pipelines
enable rapid visualization generation for various use cases, data sources, and user group
Graphical microcode simulator with a reconfigurable datapath
Microcode is a symbolic way to simplify control design that allows changing, testing and updating the control unit of processors. By changing the microcode, the same datapath can be used for an entirely different application, such as supporting a completely different instruction set. For these reasons, a majority of control units in modern day processors are microcoded. The object was to investigate and implement a graphical microcode simulator with a reconfigurable datapath and microcode format. By allowing a wide configuration of the datapath, many types of logical processors can be designed and simulated. The resulting implemented simulator is able to fill the void in microprogramming tools since there are no graphical microcode simulators that allow such customization of the datapath. The customization of the datapath goes beyond allowing different files specifying the datapath, it allows the datapath to be created and modified using the graphical interface.This tool is able to be used to design and simulate general-purpose processors and application specific processors through datapath and microcode configurations. In the academic setting, this tool provides easier microcode testing through verification on the instruction level for instructors and provide simulation debugging through code tracing and breakpoints for students
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