Co-Plot Method: A Research on Tobacco Control in the European Region

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to introduce the uncommonly used Co-Plot method which is called the multivariate graphical analysis and to apply this method to a data set including tobacco control in European region.METHODS: This study uses the data from the World Health Organization database according to Human Development Index of European countries. It takes into account variables such as smoking prevalence in young people and adults, the proportion of smoking-related deaths and domestic legislations casespertaining to tobacco products and analyses the data using the Co-Plot method.RESULTS: Results of the study demonstrated that smoking prevalence and restrictions on advertising of tobacco products were highly negatively correlated. The proportion of deaths associated with smoking-related diseases increased parallel to the increase in the smoking prevalence in young people and adults. Norway, France and Finland have enforced legal limitations on direct and indirect advertising, and thus there has been a decline in smoking prevalence among young people andadults. In some countries, including Ireland, Italy and Serbia, the prevalence of smoking among the young has decreased due to the new or increased legal restrictions on the sale distribution of tobacco products. The governments in the Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Croatia, the Netherlands,Belgium, and Poland have placed restrictions on direct and indirect advertising. The distribution of other causes-related deaths and lung cancer-related deaths are high.CONCLUSION: The restrictions on tobacco products were tightened in time with the increased prevalence of smoking and proportion of smoking-related deaths. It can be said that the significantrelationships identified in this study have even more pertinence in developed countries. Consequently, Co-Plot method has enabled deeper data interpretations of the relationships between the countries and the variables in this study

Models for supporting development of mobility in line with the sharing economy concept : doctoral dissertation

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације су концепти дељења вожње и дељења возила, при чему је акценат на истраживању могућности економичнијег коришћењa путничког аутомобила, кроз услуге carsharing и carpooling. Полазећи од тога да ове опције мобилности, као и економију дељења уопште, покрећу пре свега сами корисници циљ дисертације је да се истраживањем корисничких захтева, ставова и степена поверења, изграде модели за подршку одлучивању и ширу имплементацију дељења мобилности. Поред модела који има за циљ утврђивање потенцијала за промену образаца мобилности у градовима/подручјима на бази утврђеног скупа индикатора, у дисертацији је развијен и оригинални модел који служи за предвиђање потражње за услугама дељења мобилности на бази понашања корисника, али и на бази њихових међусобних интеракција, као и модел који врши вредновање мера које подстичу концепт дељења вожње. Модел предвиђања потражње за опцијама дељења мобилности има за циљ да утврди како понашање корисника, али и њихове међусобне интеракције, утичу на опредељење за коришћење услуге carsharing-а. Овај модел полази од претпоставке да су за одлуку о коришћењу carsharing-а, на тржиштима где услуга није успостављена, важне интеракције и размена искустава везаних за услуге економије дељења, као и поверење које корисник стиче коришћењем других услуга економије дељења. Модел омогућава предвиђање потражње (на бази кључних атрибута корисника) и момента засићења тржишта carsharing услуга. Додатно, кроз анализу осетљивости на промене улазних параметара, могуће је пратити промене потражње за carsharing услугама у односу на промене услова понуде.The research subject of this doctoral dissertation are the concepts of ride sharing and vehicle sharing, with an emphasis on exploring the possibility of economical use of a passenger car through carsharing and carpooling services. Given that these mobility options, as well as sharing economy in general, are driven primarily by users themselves, the aim of the dissertation is to develop decision support models for broad implementation of shared mobility, by researching user requirements, attitudes and levels of trust. In addition to the indicator-based model for appraisal potentials for changing mobility patterns in cities/areas, an original model for shared mobility demand prediction based on users behavior and their mutual interactions is developed. Besides, the model that evaluates incentive measures for ride sharing is developed. The demand forecasting model for shared mobility services aims to determine how users behavior and their mutual interactions affect the decision to join carsharing program. The model is based on the assumption that where carsharing has not yet been established, interactions and exchange of experiences related to sharing economy, as well as trust that users acquire using other sharing economy services, have a great impact on their decision for carsharing. The outcomes are demand prediction (based on user attributes) and expected saturations on the market In addition, sensitivity analysis enables to monitor interdependences between supply and demand side of the carsharing market. Respecting requirements and motives of employees for joining company-based carpooling, a model for evaluating those company incentives that would encourage broad implementation of ride sharing is developed. A special procedure is built to iv determine the overall impact of each company's action on the demands of its employees. As a result, the company's management can, according to the available resources, identify those actions that could run the largest wave of carpoolers