Parallel Distributed Grammar Engineering for Practical Applications

Based on a detailed case study of parallel grammar development distributed across two sites, we review some of the requirements for regression testing in grammar engineering, summarize our approach to systematic competence and performance profiling, and discuss our experience with grammar development for a commercial application. If possible, the workshop presentation will be organized around a software demonstration

An Analytical Study of Errors in the Written English of Undergraduate Engineering Students, ATBU a Case Study

A study and analysis of errors in the written English of undergraduate engineering students of Federal University of Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, a case study, is here by presented. Error types, causes of errors, effects of errors on their field of specialization and how the errors could be remedied were discussed. Data were collected from the engineering students’ written materials in English. Three sets of materials were collected: examination scripts, tests scripts and term paper scripts. Error types were classified through careful reading of the scripts and marking them. Error analyses were presented graphically and discussed. It is observed that errors occurred most in grammar, followed by expression, punctuation, spelling, vocabulary and least in connectives. Among the three test papers, analysis further revealed that less error occurred in the term paper. The general remedial measures as to how these errors could be minimized were listed. These remedial measures could be applied to all Nigerian Federal Universities since the students of each university are drawn from all over the federation Keywords: analysis, errors, written English, undergraduate, examination scripts, test scripts, grammar, causes,  remediatio

EFL Students' Challenges in Learning Speaking Skills: A Case Study in Mechanical Engineering Department

Nowadays, speaking mastery is important due to the position of English as a universal language (Nazara, 2011). This research used a case study as the research design, which aimed to answer the research questions such as challenges faced by the students in learning speaking skills and strategies implemented by the students to overcome the challenges. There were three participants in this research, namely two Mechanical Engineering Department, Olaf and Elsa, and one English teacher in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Anna. The data obtained were through interviews and students’ speaking grades through classroom presentations. The result showed four challenges, such as lack of vocabulary, nervousness, unsupportive environment, and lack of grammar knowledge. Besides, there were five strategies, such as codeswitching, seeing the audiences as the statues, using google translate machines, making a personal approach to the English teacher, and encouraging self

Exploring students' perceptions of their use of grammar in academic writing : A case study to the 4th semester students of English Education Department at a State Islamic University In Indonesia

What are the challenges that EFL students experience in writing academic English What are the EFL students'' perceptions of the use of grammar in Academic Writing English How are the EFL students’ use of grammar in their Academic Writing English to explore the challenges faced by EFL students in Academic Writing. To describe EFL students'' perceptions regarding grammar use in Academic Writing. To describe how EFL students use grammar in their Academic Writing English. This research method employs a qualitative strategy. According to Creswell (2014), qualitative research aims to learn more about people and society by asking about their experiences and perspectives. Based on the explanation above, this study employs a case study. According to Cresswell (2012), engineering case studies are in-depth analyses of constrained systems based on essential data collection, such as activities, events, processes, or people. The study involving 36 English Language Education students found challenges in Academic Writing, including tenses, vocabulary, and paraphrasing, plagiarism, grammatical problems, and lexical difficulties. Participants emphasized the importance of reading, discussions, and engaging teaching approaches. They also found errors in grammar, including plurals, articles, tenses, prepositions, and punctuation.The study explores the difficulties EFL students face in academic English writing, including tenses, sentence structure, vocabulary, punctuation rules, and understanding academic norms. Despite these challenges, students emphasize the importance of grammar in improving their writing abilities, with most making punctuation mistakes

The Concept of Data Model Pattern Based on Fully Communication Oriented Information Modeling (FCO-IM)

Just as in many areas of software engineering, patterns have been used in  data modeling  to  create high quality  data  models.  We  provide  a  concept  of data  model  pattern  based  on  Fully  Communication  Oriented  Information Modeling  (FCO-IM),  a  fact  oriented  data  modeling  method.  A  data  model pattern is  defined  as  the relation  between  context, problem,  an d  solution.  This definition is adopted from the concept of pattern by Christopher Alexander. We define the concept of Information Grammar for Pattern (IG P) in the solution part of  a  pattern,  which  works  as  a  template  to  create  a  data  model.  The  IG P  also shows how a pattern can relate to other patterns. The data model pattern concept is then used to describe 15 data model patterns, organized into 4 categories. A case study on geographical location is provided to show the use of the concept in a real case

Recovering Grammar Relationships for the Java Language Specification

Grammar convergence is a method that helps discovering relationships between different grammars of the same language or different language versions. The key element of the method is the operational, transformation-based representation of those relationships. Given input grammars for convergence, they are transformed until they are structurally equal. The transformations are composed from primitive operators; properties of these operators and the composed chains provide quantitative and qualitative insight into the relationships between the grammars at hand. We describe a refined method for grammar convergence, and we use it in a major study, where we recover the relationships between all the grammars that occur in the different versions of the Java Language Specification (JLS). The relationships are represented as grammar transformation chains that capture all accidental or intended differences between the JLS grammars. This method is mechanized and driven by nominal and structural differences between pairs of grammars that are subject to asymmetric, binary convergence steps. We present the underlying operator suite for grammar transformation in detail, and we illustrate the suite with many examples of transformations on the JLS grammars. We also describe the extraction effort, which was needed to make the JLS grammars amenable to automated processing. We include substantial metadata about the convergence process for the JLS so that the effort becomes reproducible and transparent

A rewriting grammar for heat exchanger network structure evolution with stream splitting

The design of cost optimal heat exchanger networks is a difficult optimisation problem due both to the nonlinear models required and also the combinatorial size of the search space. When stream splitting is considered, the combinatorial aspects make the problem even harder. This paper describes the implementation of a two level evolutionary algorithm based on a string rewriting grammar for the evolution of the heat exchanger network structure. A biological analogue of genotypes and phenotypes is used to describe structures and specific solutions respectively. The top level algorithm evolves structures while the lower level optimises specific structures. The result is a hybrid optimisation procedure which can identify the best structures including stream splitting. Case studies from the literature are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the novel procedure