Development of the Sea Color Surface Spectral Radiometer

AbstractThis paper describes the design, calibration, and deployment of a sea color surface spectral radiometer that accurately measures downward visible wave (solar) irradiance and leave-water radiance. It is diffused on a moving platform, such as a ship on the sea for in situ measurements. The sea color surface spectral radiometer has two channels, one Self-Scanning Photodiode Array(SSPD), and its response wavelength is from 450nm to 800nm. As the instrument can detect two indispensable parameters––water-leaving upward spectral radiance and downward irradiance, we can compute remote sensing reflectance. It can provide sufficient irradiant data to meet the need of scientific study, promising it a bright application prospect. From the calibration and experiment results of the spectral radiometer, we can see the spectral radiometer is fairly accurate and the results satisfactory

On the Support that the Special and General Theories of Relativity Provide for Rock’s Argument Concerning Induced Self-Motion

Though Einstein and other physicists recognized the importance of an observer being at rest in an inertial reference frame for the special theory of relativity, the supporting psychological structures were not discussed much by physicists. On the other hand, Rock wrote of the factors involved in the perception of motion, including one’s own motion. Rock thus came to discuss issues of significance to relativity theory, apparently without any significant understanding of how his theory might be related to relativity theory. In this paper, connections between Rock’s theory on the perception of one’s own motion, as well as empirical work supporting it, and relativity theory are explored

Numerical and experimental studies on ship motions induced by passing ship

To investigate the ability of numerical models to simulate the behavior of moored ships subjected by ship-wake waves, use is made of scale model tests where a ship model sails with constant speed along a straight path at a constant distance from an otherwise motionless ship. The tests were carried out at one of the wave tanks of the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). The moving ship is a self-propelled scale model of the "Aurora" chemical ship whereas the otherwise motionless ship is a scale model of the "Esso Osaka" tanker. The free-surface elevation was measured with a set of resistive wave gauges and ADVs. The tanker's movements, induced by the wake waves, were measured along the six degrees of freedom with a gyroscope deployed inside the ship. The numerical model WAMIT provides, in the frequency domain, the quantities required to estimate the hydrodynamic forces associated to the interaction of a free-floating ship with waves. The BAS model uses those hydrodynamic forces to study in the time domain the ship interaction with any sea-waves acting on it. Wind and current actions can also be accounted for. The results of these numerical models are compared to the measurements made in the several repeats of one of those scale model tests, in terms of the response amplitude to several wave components. These comparisons enabled the evaluation and validation of the numerical models parameters' calibration process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A comparison of experimental and numerical behaviour characteristics of a ship entering a lock using benchmark test data

This paper discusses several papers that were presented at the 3rd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water, which had a non-exclusive focus on Ship Behaviour in Locks. For this conference, experimental model test data obtained at Flanders Hydraulics Research had been made public and researchers were encouraged to compare numerical with experimental results [1]. Data of benchmark tests carried out both with self-propelled and captive models were used by researchers for comparison with various numerical tools. The objective of this paper is to give a selected overview of how accurately numerical tools are presently able to predict the hydrodynamic forces that occur on ships approaching locks. Based on this, the paper concludes that experiments and numerical tools complement each other