Novas utilizações das potencialidades BIM – apoio à medição de trabalhos realizados e produção de modelos as-built fiáveis e ricos em informação para a fase de manutenção

Congresso Construção 2012 - 4º Congresso Nacional/18, 19 e 20 DezembroAs vantagens associadas à utilização do BIM nas diferentes fases do processo construtivo têm sido tema de estudo nos últimos anos. Entre várias áreas onde essas vantagens são evidentes, a utilização dos modelos BIM 3D na fase de exploração das construções é seguramente uma das mais importantes. Porém, surge a necessidade de ter modelos actualizados que garantam uma fiel correspondência entre o que foi construído e a informação contida no modelo, geralmente designados de modelos as-built. Uma vez criado na fase de projecto, o modelo BIM 3D permanece inalterado até ao final da obra, ignorando frequentemente todo um conjunto de alterações que, por variadas razões, são introduzidas ao projecto inicial. Surge assim a necessidade de encontrar mecanismos válidos que garantam a actualização dos modelos BIM 3D, transformando-os em modelos as-built. Uma das formas de garantir a actualização dos modelos BIM 3D é a realização de autos de medição a partir desses mesmos modelos. Uma vez que este processo obriga a uma correspondência fiel entre os trabalhos executados e o modelo 3D, garante-se a necessária actualização do modelo. O objectivo do presente trabalho é, portanto, desenvolver um processo para execução de autos de medição de forma automática, com recurso a software BIM. Sendo este procedimento aceite por todos os intervenientes no processo construtivo (empreiteiro, dono de obra e fiscalização), espera-se ainda que seja possível identificar vantagens face aos métodos tradicionais de execução de autos de medição. Uma vez definido o processo, o mesmo será testado através de um caso de estudo. Pretende desta forma avaliar-se a sua validade na obtenção do efeito desejado, ou seja, comprovar que a sua implementação é a garantia de modelos BIM 3D sempre actualizados. Ao mesmo tempo, serão avaliadas as potenciais vantagens associadas à produção de autos de medição de forma automática, através da comparação deste método com os métodos tradicionais. No final, os resultados obtidos serão analisados, e formuladas as conclusões

Integrated supplier selection framework in a resilient construction supply chain: An approach via analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA)

Construction supply chain management is a unique and problematic issue within the construction industry due to its inevitable external risks and variations. The resilience capability of a supplier is of significance in supplier selection; a supplier selected in the context of a resilient construction supply chain (RCSC) is referred to in this research as a "resilient construction supplier". This paper proposes a supplier selection framework tailored to effective information integration for supply chain management. The proposed framework works by integrating building information modeling (BIM) and a geographic information system (GIS) in a RCSC. BIM and GIS together provide highly transparent construction material information, enhanced supply chain status visualization, and workable access information for supplier selection. Supplier performance is evaluated via seventeen resilient criteria under a combined methodology consisting of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA); AHP and GRA weigh the criteria and rank the suppliers respectively. By varying the weightings given to each criterion, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the criteria of resilience which impact the selection priorities of suppliers. An illustrative example is also provided to show the overall process of the proposed framework

Measurement of waste in concrete construction using lean construction methodologies

This dissertation develops and analyses the quantification of all wastes present in particular construction process. This has been conducted from a lean construction perspective where waste has been defined as any non-value adding process or activity. The specific processes chosen were concrete paving, hand-pouring concrete and the installation of formwork. The types of wastes present in the construction industry have been researched and a comprehensive list collated. A number of waste classifications have been evaluated to organise these wastes into manageable groups. These classifications were also selected on their usability and the potential techniques of measurement. A suitable format for waste reporting has been established and trialled in a construction environment. This has been evaluated by Professional Engineers in management positions within the construction industry. Due to the individual nature of construction projects there are significant inefficiencies in comparison to similar industries such as manufacturing. Of these wastes concrete construction has been deemed the largest contributor to wastage. This leads us to the question of how do we measure not only the materials wasted but the other types of waste in processes. This needs to be answered as efficiencies cannot be improved without the knowledge of where and how they are occurring. This project has been conducted utilising; theoretical research, practical on-site observations and by seeking industry feedback on the conclusions drawn from these investigations. The theoretical research took the form of a literature review on lean construction methodologies and types of ‘waste’. This focused on waste management and classification and how this has been applied to construction projects around the world. Practical on site observations were used to develop activity mapping and waste sampling which were used in the case studies for waste classification and quantification. From this a suitable format for waste reporting has been established and trialled in a construction environment. Industry feedback was sought in the form of structured interviews and an accompanying questionnaire. These interviews were conducted with four Engineering Managers working on a variety of large construction projects. From this evaluation improvements can be made to this structure and a future direction for this research has been determined. This research can be used as a base for lean construction waste reporting within the Australian construction industry. It has shown this it is both practical and useful to implement this reporting process on site. The dissertation has also identified the need for a cost/benefit analysis into waste reporting on construction sites to determine the efficiency of the process itself