Biomedical Knowledge Extraction Using Fuzzy Differential Profiles and Semantic Ranking

International audienceRecently, technologies such as DNA microarrays allow to generate big scale of transcriptomic data used to the aim of exploring background of genes. The analysis and the interpretation of such data requires important databases and efficient mining methods, in order to extract specific biological functions belonging to a group of genes of an expression profile. To this aim, we propose here a new approach for mining transcriptomic data combining domain knowledge and classification methods. Firstly, we propose the definition of Fuzzy Differential Gene Expression Profiles (FG-DEP) based on fuzzy classification and a differential definition between the considered biological situations. Secondly, we will use our previously defined efficient semantic similarity measure (called IntelliGO), that is applied on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation terms, for computing semantic and functional similarities between genes of resulting FG-DEP and well known genetic markers involved in the development of cancers. After that, the similarity matrices will be used to introduce a novel Functional Spectral Representation (FSR) calculated through a semantic ranking of genes regarding their similarities with the tumoral markers. The FSR representation should help expert to interpret by a new way transcriptomic data and infer new genes having similar biological functions regarding well known diseases

Formal Concept Analysis and Knowledge Integration for Highlighting Statistically Enriched Functions from Microarrays Data

International audienceIn this paper we introduce a new method for extracting enriched biological functions from transcriptomic databases using an integrative bi-classication approach. The initial gene datasets are firstly represented as a formal context (objects attributes), where objects are genes, and attributes are their expression profiles and complementary information of different knowledge bases. After that, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is applied for extracting formal concepts regrouping genes having similar transcriptomic profiles and functional behaviors. An enrichment analysis is then performed in order to identify the pertinent formal concepts from the generated Galois lattice, and to extract biological functions that could participate in the proliferation of cancers

Otomatik Çeviri Araçlarının Yabancı Dil Öğretiminde Kullanımı: Google Çeviri Örneği

Makine veya bilgisayarlı çeviri olarak da adlandırılan otomatik çeviri, insan müdahalesi olmadan bilgisayarlarla ve mobil cihazlarla metinlerin bir dilden başka dile otomatik olarak çevirisinin yapılmasıdır. Son elli yılda teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmeler, özellikle batı dilleri arasında daha iyi çeviri yapabilen araçlar geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Birkaç yıldan beri ise Türkçe, Korece, Çince gibi yapısal olarak farklı diller arasında da daha iyi çeviriler yapan uygulamalar geliştirildiğini görmekteyiz. Bununla birlikte bu araçların sunduğu imkânlar çeviri yapma ile sınırlı değildir. Bu araçlardan yabancı dil öğretiminde konuşma, dinleme, okuma ve yazma etkinliklerinde yararlanılabilir. Fakat otomatik çeviri araçlarının sunduğu bu olanakların öğrenciler tarafından ne kadar etkili ve verimli kullanıldıkları yeteri kadar bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, öğrencilerin yabancı dil öğrenirken bu araçlardan yararlanıp yararlanmadıkları, yararlanıyorlarsa nasıl yararlandıkları, hangi etkinliklerde bu araçları kullandıkları, bu konudaki eksiklik ve sınırlılıkların neler olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca bu araçlarla örnek etkinlikler yapılarak mevcut durum ortaya konulmaya çalışılmakta ve böylelikle buradan elde edilen bilgilerle bu araçların yardımcı birer ders materyali olarak etkin ve verimli kullanılmasının yolları aranmaktadır. Bu amaçla dört tane örnek etkinlik hazırlanmış ve bunlar 2017-2018 sonbahar döneminde Marmara Üniversitesi Fransızca Mütercim Tercümanlık bölümü İngilizce dersinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca alan yazın taranarak ve uzman görüşü alınarak bir anket hazırlanmış ve etkinlik sonrasında uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde Betimsel İstatistik Tekniği kullanılmış, soruların analizinde ise İçerik Analizinden yararlanılmıştır

A Heterogeneous Communications Network for Smart Grid by Using the Cost Functions

Smart Grids (SG) is an intelligent power grid in which the different SG node types with different communication requirements communicates different types of information with Control Stations (CS). Radio Access Technologies (RATs) due to its advantages are considered as the main access method to be used in order to have bidirectional data transferring between different node types and CS. Besides, spectrum is a rare source and its demand is increasing significantly. Elaborating a heterogeneous in order to fulfill different SG node types communication requirements effectively, is a challenging issue. To find a method to define desirability value of different RAT to support certain node types based on fitness degree between RAT communication characteristics and node type communication requirements is an appropriate solution. This method is implemented by using a comprehensive Cost Function (CF) including a communication CF (CCF) in combination with Energy CF (ECF). The Key Point Indicators which are used in the CCF are SG node type communication requirements. The existing trade of between Eb/N0 and spectral efficiency is considered as ECF. Based on the achieved CCF and ECF and their tradeoffs, SG node types are assigned to different RATs. The proposed assigning method is sensitive to the SG node types densities. The numerical results are achieved by using MATLAB simulation. The other different outcomes of the research output such as cognitive radio in SG and collectors effect number on data aggregation are discussed as well

Scénarisation pédagogique pour des EIAH ouverts (une approche dirigée par les modèles et spécifique au domaine métier)

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l ouverture des EIAH (EnvironnementsInformatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain), pour répondre à leur faible déploiement dansles établissements de formation, en facilitant leur appropriation par des usagers. Notre travailde recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet REDiM (Réingénierie des EIAH Dirigée par lesModèles) mené au LIUM (Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Maine), dont un desobjectifs est d intégrer les enseignants dans le processus de conception des scénariospédagogiques d un EIAH.Nous proposons une approche d ingénierie et de réingénierie pour rendre un EIAH ouvertà la conception et à l adaptation de ses scénarios pédagogiques par les enseignantsutilisateurs. Nous avons défini un processus de conception basé sur la modélisationde scénarios pédagogiques ouverts (SPO), qui permet l instrumentation des enseignantspour les aider dans la conception continue (i.e. qui se poursuit dans l usage) d une activitéd apprentissage. Nous faisons trois propositions scientifiques :- Un modèle de représentation des SPO, qui permet de les structurer en variantes enfonction des contextes d exécution. Nous qualifions ce modèle de rationnel puisqu il s appuieprincipalement sur l approche du Design Rationale que nous avons adaptée à notreproblématique.- Un processus itératif et incrémental d ingénierie et de réingénierie qui guide lesenseignants pour concevoir et adapter des SPO conformes au modèle que nous avonsdéfini.- Une méthode dirigée par les modèles et spécifique au domaine métier pour instrumenterle processus d ouverture des scénarios pédagogiques d un EIAH existant. Cette méthoded instrumentation, reposant sur l IDM (Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles) et le DSM(Domain-Specific Modeling), implique les enseignants utilisateurs de l EIAH, considérés icicomme des experts du domaine. Elle est structurée en plusieurs phases qui amènentprogressivement à définir, de façon spécifique à l EIAH considéré, un langage d expressiondes SPO (ADSGEML - Adaptive Domain-Specific Graphical Educational ModelingLanguage) et un éditeur associé permettant la conception et l adaptation des SPO dansl univers métier de l EIAH.Afin d évaluer et de raffiner nos propositions, nous les avons appliquées sur l EIAH Hop3x , préalablement conçu au LIUM dans le cadre d un autre projet pour pratiquer laprogrammation orientée objet. Nous avons donc élaboré un ADSGEML et un environnementd édition graphique pour permettre aux enseignants de concevoir et d adapterdynamiquement des sessions ouvertes de Hop3x, à un niveau élevé d abstraction.In this thesis, we are interested in opening TEL systems (Technology EnhancedLearning) up in order to respond to the problem of their low deployment in teachinginstitutions, we need to facilitate their adoption by users. Our research work is part ofthe REDiM (French abbreviation which means Model-Driven Re-engineering of TELsystems ) project led by the LIUM Computer Science Laboratory of Le MansUniversity in France. One of the main objectives of this project is to involve teachersin the design process of learning scenarios of a TEL system.We propose an engineering and re-engineering approach for opening TEL systemsin order to facilitate for teachers the design and adaptation of pedagogical scenarios.We defined a design process based on the modeling of Open Pedagogical Scenarios(OPS), which allows the building of supports helping teachers in the continuousdesign of a learning activity (i.e. design which continues in the use process). Wemake three scientific proposals:- A model of OPS representation which defines a structure based on variantsaccording to execution contexts. We consider this model to be rational because it isbased mainly on the Design Rationale approach that we have adapted for ourresearch problem.- An iterative and incremental engineering and re-engineering process that guidesteachers to design and adapt OPS according to the rational model that we define inthis work.- A model-driven and domain-specific method for supporting the process of openingpedagogical scenarios of a legacy TEL system. This method, based on the MDE(Model-Driven Engineering) and DSM (Domain-Specific Modelling), involves teachersusing the TEL system, as they are considered to be domain experts. Our method isdivided into several phases that lead progressively to define the TEL system sADSGEML (Adaptive Educational Graphical Domain-Specific Modelling Language)and an associate editor allowing the design and adaptation of OPS in the businessfield of the TEL system to open for teachers.To evaluate and refine our proposals, we have applied them on the TEL system"Hop3x" which was designed at LIUM under another project for practicing objectorientedprogramming. We therefore developed an ADSGEML and a graphicalediting environment to enable teachers to design and adapt dynamically the openHop3x s learning sessions at a high level of abstraction.LE MANS-BU Sciences (721812109) / SudocSudocFranceF