On Energy Efficient Inter-Frequency Small Cell Discovery in Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, we investigate the optimal inter-frequency small cell discovery (ISCD) periodicity for small cells deployed on carrier frequency other than that of the serving macro cell. We consider that the small cells and user terminals (UTs) positions are modelled according to a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP). We utilize polynomial curve fitting to approximate the percentage of time the typical UT missed small cell offloading opportunity, for a fixed small cell density and fixed UT speed. We then derive analytically, the optimal ISCD periodicity that minimizes the average UT energy consumption (EC). Furthermore, we also derive the optimal ISCD periodicity that maximizes the average energy efficiency (EE), i.e. bit-per-joule capacity. Results show that the EC optimal ISCD periodicity always exceeds the EE optimal ISCD periodicity, with the exception of when the average ergodic rates in both tiers are equal, in which the optimal ISCD periodicity in both cases also becomes equal

Power Switching Protocol for Two-way Relaying Network under Hardware Impairments

In this paper, we analyze the impact of hardware impairments at relay node and source node (i.e. imperfect nodes) on network performance by evaluating outage probability based on the effective signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR). Especially, we propose energy harvesting protocol at the relay and source nodes, namely, power switching imperfect relay (PSIR) and power switching imperfect source (PSIS). Aiming to determine the performance of energy constrained network, we first derive closed-form expressions of the outage probability and then the throughput can be maximized in delay-limited transmission mode. The simulation results provide practical insights into the impacts of hardware impairments and power switching factors of the energy harvesting protocol on the performance of energy harvesting enabled two-way relaying network

Energy Efficient Adaptive Network Coding Schemes for Satellite Communications

In this paper, we propose novel energy efficient adaptive network coding and modulation schemes for time variant channels. We evaluate such schemes under a realistic channel model for open area environments and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. Compared to non-adaptive network coding and adaptive rate efficient network-coded schemes for time variant channels, we show that our proposed schemes, through physical layer awareness can be designed to transmit only if a target quality of service (QoS) is achieved. As a result, such schemes can provide remarkable energy savings.Comment: Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 24 March 201

Near-Optimal Energy-Efficient Joint Resource Allocation for Multi-Hop MIMO-AF Systems

Energy efficiency (EE) is becoming an important performance indicator for ensuring both the economical and environmental sustainability of the next generation of communication networks. Equally, cooperative communication is an effective way of improving communication system performances. In this paper, we propose a near-optimal energy-efficient joint resource allocation algorithm for multi-hop multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) systems. We first show how to simplify the multivariate unconstrained EE-based problem, based on the fact that this problem has a unique optimal solution, and then solve it by means of a low-complexity algorithm. We compare our approach with classic optimization tools in terms of energy efficiency as well as complexity, and results indicate the near-optimality and low-complexity of our approach. As an application, we use our approach to compare the EE of multi-hop MIMO-AF with MIMO systems and our results show that the former outperforms the latter mainly when the direct link quality is poor