2.4 GHz Horn Antenna

This paper describes the building and testing of a 2.4 GHz antenna which can be used for WLAN as well as for other purposes. The antenna was built to have highest gain at 2.4 GHz although it can be used from frequency of 1.7 GHz up to 2.6 GHz. The paper also describes the calculation of the antenna parameters and dimensions as well as the measurements of its parameters. After the numerical modeling and building, the antenna was tested in the laboratory.The numerical modeling was performed with XFDTD software and the testing of the antenna was done at the Microwave Laboratory of Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Zagreb. The results showed that the highest antenna gain of 9.46 dB was obtained at 2.437 GHz, which is a frequency used for wireless internet. The antenna can be used on ships in the port as well as on the sea for boosting the range and increasing the received power level of a wireless internet signal

Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Frekuensi 2.4 GHz dalam Penyelenggaraan Internet Wireless

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz sudah sesuai dengan peraturan yang ditetapkan dalam KM No. 2 tahun 2005 dan tanggapan penyelenggara internet wireless agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan melakukan indepth interview terhadap Internet Services Provider (ISP) yang memanfaatkan frekuensi 2.4 GHz, Balai Monitor Frekuensi, Direktorat Pengendalian Sumber Daya Perangkat Pos dan Informatika dan Direktorat Standardisasi Sumber Daya Perangkat Pos dan Informatika. Berdasarkan hasil interview di lapangan, penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz belum sesuai dengan persyaratan teknis yang ditetapkan dalam KM No.2 tahun 2005. Agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat digunakan secara maksimal maka penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz bebas namun tidak sebebas-bebasnya, adanya pengawasan daya pancar, peralatan yang digunakan disertifikasi terlebih dahulu, optimisasi perangkat, penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz untuk lastmile saja dan perlu dipikirkan pengaturan Frequency Reuse

Penggunaan Frekuensi 2,4 GHz dalam Keperluan Internet Wireless Studi Kasus YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz dalam keperluan internet wireless di daerah Yogyakarta, mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi penyelenggara internet wireless (ISP) dalam memanfaatkan frekuensi 2.4 GHz dan mengetahui tanggapan pengguna internet wireless agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan melakukan in-depth interview kepada Balai monitoring frekuensi dan penyelenggara internet wireless yang menggunakan frekuensi 2.4 GHz. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kondisi penggunaan frekuensi 2.4 GHz pada daerah Yogyakarta masih belum sesuai dengan peraturan yang ditetapkan dalam KM No.2 tahun 2005. Kendala yang dihadapi ISP dalam menggunakan frekuensi 2.4 GHz yaitu banyaknya interferensi yang terjadi. Agar frekuensi 2.4 GHz dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal maka peralatan yang digunakan harus disertifikasi terlebih dahulu, dilakukan pengawasan terhadap daya pancar dan penggunaannya mempunyai skill di bidang jaringan internet wireless

Design of a 2.4 GHz High-Performance Up-Conversion Mixer with Current Mirror Topology

In this paper, a low voltage low power up-conversion mixer, designed in a Chartered 0.18 μm RFCMOS technology, is proposed to realize the transmitter front-end in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. The up-conversion mixer uses the current mirror topology and current-bleeding technique in both the driver and switching stages with a simple degeneration resistor. The proposed mixer converts an input of 100 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal to an output of 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) signal, with a local oscillator (LO) power of 2 dBm at 2.3 GHz. A comparison with conventional CMOS up-conversion mixer shows that this mixer has advantages of low voltage, low power consumption and high-performance. The post-layout simulation results demonstrate that at 2.4 GHz, the circuit has a conversion gain of 7.1 dB, an input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 7.3 dBm and a noise figure of 11.9 dB, while drawing only 3.8 mA for the mixer core under a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The chip area including testing pads is only 0.62×0.65 mm2

2.4 GHz Microstrip Antenna Arrays

This paper described the design, simulation and fabrication of the microstrip patch antennas at 2.4 GHz using one element, arrays 2 elements and four elements. The antennas have been modeled using microstrip lines and S parameter data from individual single element. The data is extracted from the simulation and combined with the microstrip transmission line. The properties of antennas such as bandwidth return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) have been investigated and compared between simulation and measurements. Furthermore, the return losses of the antennas are below -10 dB from both simulation and measurement

2.4 GHz Microstrip Antenna Arrays

This paper described the design, simulation and fabrication of the microstrip patch antennas at 2.4 GHz using one element, arrays 2 elements and four elements. The antennas have been modeled using microstrip lines and S parameter data from individual single element. The data is extracted from the simulation and combined with the microstrip transmission line. The properties of antennas such as bandwidth return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) have been investigated and compared between simulation and measurements. Furthermore, the return losses of the antennas are below -10 dB from both simulation and measurement

A Feasibility Study of RIP Using 2.4 GHz 802.15.4 Radios

This paper contains a feasibility study of Radio Interferometric Positioning (RIP) implemented on a widely used 2.4 GHz radio (CC2430). RIP is a relatively new localization technique that uses signal strength measurements. Although RIP outperforms other RSS-based localization techniques, it imposes a set of unique requirements on the used radios. Therefore, it is not surprising that all existing RIP implementations use the same radio (CC1000), which operates below the 1 GHz range. This paper analyzes to what extent the CC2430 complies with these requirements. This analysis shows that the CC2430 platform introduces large and dynamic sources of errors. Measurements with a CC2430 test bed in a line-of-sight indoor environment verify this. The measurements indicate that the existing RIP algorithm cannot cope with these types of errors, and will incur a relatively low accuracy of 3.1 meter. Based on these results, we made an initial implementation of a new algorithm, which can cope with these errors, and decreases this positioning error by a factor of two to 1.5 meter accuracy

5 Watt GaN HEMT Power Amplifier for LTE

This work presents the design and implementation of a stand-alone linear power amplifier at 2.4 GHz with high output power. A GaN HEMT transistor is selected for the design and implementation of the power amplifier. The device exhibits a gain of 11.7 dB and a drain efficiency of 39% for an output power of 36.7 dBm at 2.4 GHz for an input power of 25dBm. The carrier to intermodulation ratio is better than 25 dB for a two tone input signal of 25 dBm of total power and a spacing of 5 MHz. The fabricated device is also tested with LTE input signals of different bandwidths (5MHz to 20MHz)

Semi-empirical model of MOST and passive devices focused on narrowband RF blocks

This paper presents a semi-empirical modeling of MOST and passive elements to be used in narrowband radiofrequency blocks for nanometer technologies. This model is based on a small set of look-up tables (LUTs) obtained via electrical simulations. The MOST description is valid for all-inversion regions of MOST and the data is extracted as function of the gm=ID characteristic; for the passive devices the LUTs include a simplified model of the element and its principal parasitic at the working frequency f0. These semi-empirical models are validated by designing a set of 2.4-GHz LNAs and 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz VCOs in three different MOST inversion regions

A 5.3mW, 2.4GHz ESD protected Low-Noise Amplifier in a 0.13μm RFCMOS technology

An Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protected Low- Noise Amplifier (LNA) for the 2.4 GHz ISM band designed in a 0.13 mum standard RFCMOS technology is presented. The amplifier, including packaging effects, achieves 16.8 dB power gain, reflexion coefficients S 11 , S 22 < -30 dB over the 2.4 GHz ISM band, a peak noise figure of 1.8 dB, and an IIP 3 of 1 dBm, while drawing less than 4.5 mA dc biasing current from the 1.2 V power supply. Further, the LNA withstands a Human Body Model (HBM) ESD stress up to plusmn2.0 kV, by means of the additional custom protection circuitry.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2003-02355Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-0302