What Works for Adolescent Reproductive Health: Lessons from Experimental Evaluations of Programs and Interventions

This Child Trends fact sheet reviews evaluated programs that focus on adolescent reproductive health. Among the findings: Many different types of programs have been shown to positively affect reproductive health outcomes. Not only school- and community-based sex education programs, but also clinic-based programs, youth development programs, service-learning programs, early childhood programs, and programs for young mothers have been found to be effective. Comprehensive sex education can improve adolescent reproductive health. Of the 21 comprehensive sex education programs that have been experimentally evaluated, 11 had a significant positive impact on the behavior of the youth studied or important subgroups of the sample. No abstinence-only interventions have yet been shown to positively affect any behavioral outcomes. Six abstinence-only interventions have had their impacts on behavioral outcomes experimentally evaluated. None has had an impact on initiation of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, use of condoms, use of contraceptives, pregnancies, births, or STD contraction. None of these six abstinence-only interventions have been shown to negatively affect any behavioral outcomes, either. In particular, in spite of their exclusive focus on abstinence, none have served to significantly decrease condom or contraceptive use. The fact sheet includes a table that shows whether the evaluated programs were found to work, not proven to work, or had mixed findings

Morphology and Properties of Zn-Al-TiO2 Composite on Mild Steel

The influence of TiO2 composite and dispersed pure Al particle on zinc alloy electrodeposited on mild steel was studied from chloride bath solution.Microstructural and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The structure, surface morphology, and surface topography of the deposited alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM).In addition, hardness of the coated alloys was measured. It was found that the obtained Zn-Al-TiO2 alloyexhibited more preferred surface morphology and mechanical strength compared tothe substrate. The result shows the existence of interaction between TiO2 compounds and zinc alloy particulate. It also exhibited well bright dominate zinc coating on steel surface

MA311exam 1999 pdf

Exam questions and solutions in PD

Exam 1999 pdf

Exam questions and solutions in PD