Condom Use and Consistency Among Teen Males

This Child Trends study finds that any type of formal sex education is linked with higher levels of condom use at teen males' first sexual experience. However, one in five teen males (ages 15-19) did not receive formal sex education about either abstinence or contraception before having sex for the first time. The study, published in the October 2008 issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health and summarized in this fact sheet, examines how multiple dimensions of teen males' lives are associated with condom use and consistency. Among the findings: --Having an older partner or a casual partner is linked to less condom use. Nearly one-fourth of teen males had an older recent partner and more than one-third were in a casual relationship with their first sexual partner. --Older teen males and those in longer relationships are less likely to use condoms. This was true even after controlling for whether their partner used a contraceptive method. --Positive attitudes about using condoms are linked to actual use. Teen males who disagree with the ideas that condoms reduce physical pleasure and that it would be embarrassing to discuss condom use with a new partner have higher levels of condom use and consistency. --Seven in ten teen males reported using a condom at their first and at their most recent sexual experience, but fewer reported using condoms consistently. Just one-half of sexually active teen males reported using a condom consistently with their most recent sexual partner

Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons, And International Humanitarian Law

The fact that war is the primary cause of people being uprooted prompts us to ask what protection the law of armed conflict affords refugees and displaced persons. How does humanitarian law protect groups of civilians from being forced to flee? What protection does it offer those who have nevertheless been uprooted, and how does that protection interrelate with refugee law? How can the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, in particular the International Committee of the Red Cross (“ICRC”), come to the aid of refugees and displaced persons? These are the questions this Article aims to answer. First, however, let us recall what international humanitarian law is

Introduction [to Doctrina perpetua: brokering change, promoting innovation and transforming marginalisation in university learning and teaching]

It is arguable that, in addition to brokering change and promoting innovation, contemporary universities have a responsibility to direct their teaching and learning activities at transforming marginalisation. This contention derives from the fundamental and enduring ambivalence attending discussions of the purpose and significance of universities. On the one hand, they can be seen as “ivory towers” and hence as the bastions of privilege and the repositories of “high culture”, overseeing the maintenance of what the elite determines is the best of a nation’s heritage. On the other hand, and by contrast, they can be viewed as the vehicles for progressive social change and as the sites for interrogating current issues in terms of whose voices are heard and whose are silenced in relation to those issues. Given this ambivalence, it is clearly incumbent on universities to find ways of confirming that they contribute to disrupting and subverting sociocultural inequities rather than replicating them. In keeping with the emphasis on diversity and heterogeneity evident throughout this book, the authors of the chapters in this section have been encouraged to deploy a number of conceptual and methodological resources in engaging with the theme of transforming marginalisation in preference to the section editor predetermining a single, fixed definition of “marginalisation” and its “transformation”. At the same time, each chapter identifies particular attributes of groups of learners that might potentially render them at greater risk than other groups of not attaining their educational goals and links those attributes with specific strategies that have been demonstrated through evidencebased practice to reduce that risk—at least for some learners in those groups. What emerges is a picture of considerable complexity, with some strategies proving effective for large numbers of students and conforming to the features of current best practice in university learning and teaching, yet also with some elements of marginalisation remaining remarkably resistant to amelioration and transformation. Understanding this complex and somewhat contradictory picture is crucial to taking up the challenges and opportunities that mark the intersection between doctrina perpetua and transforming marginalisation

The Beginnings of the Church

Reviewed Book: Cwiekowski, Frederick J. The Beginnings of the Church. New York: Paulist Press, 1988

Rights of Creditors to Collect Marital Debts After Divorce in Community Property Jurisdictions

The primary thrust of this Article is to address the post-divorce liability issue outlined in Part III from the perspective of debtor-creditor law. The rules adopted in most of the community property jurisdictions with respect to this issue appear to be primarily focused on the perspective of marital property and family law without regard to general debtor-creditor law principles and policies. For example, basic fraudulent transfer law has been ignored in those jurisdictions and not applied in the usual manner. As a result, the rules developed in those jurisdictions with regard to the post-divorce liability issue are not consistent with the basic principles and policies of debtor-creditor law. Part IV of this Article will discuss basic debtor-creditor law as it relates to this issue, and will propose a set of rules which could and should be adopted by the community property jurisdictions consistent with debtor-creditor law as it applies generally

Distribution of an Exotic Pest, \u3ci\u3eAgromyza Frontella\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in Manitoba, Canada.

Agromyza frontella is an exotic alfalfa pest from Europe that was first detected in North America in 1968 and has since spread westward into Ontario and the north central United States. Informal surveys had detected A. frontella in Manitoba, but its distribution throughout this province was unknown. In 1998 we collected alfalfa stems to detect plant damage and sweep samples to detect adult A. frontella and the parasitoid Dacnusa dryas throughout the alfalfa growing region of Manitoba. In south central Manitoba, 100% of stems were damaged by A. frontella, and\u3e 100 adults/10 sweeps were recorded at several sites. In west central Manitoba, no plants were damaged and \u3c 10 adults/10 sweeps were observed. We believe this region to be near the western edge of A. frontella distribution. The most important introduced parasitoid of A. frontella, D. dryas, was not detected which suggests that D. dryas has not invaded Manitoba

Trump, Populism, Fascism, and the Road Ahead

This review essay offers a discussion of some recent studies that help to explain the election of Donald Trump as president of the USA. The studies examine Trump as “media spectacle,” analyze his support among Tea Partiers, and discuss his backing by the white working class left behind by neoliberalism and global capitalism. Special attention is given to two questions: Is Trump a rightwing populist or closer to a fascist? Relatedly, is Trump a threat to liberal democracy? The essay concludes with some suggestions of how to move beyond Trump