Benchmarking smartphone performances for cooperative disaster alert diffusion

International audienceWhen a disaster strikes, communication infrastructure such as cellular network may get destroyed, which makes rescue operations more challenging. Short range-based opportunistic communications using daily mobile devices such as smartphones present a promising solution to support infrastructure failure. In a previous work, we have proposed COPE, a cooperative opportunistic alert diffusion solution useful for trapped survivors during disasters to ease and speed up their rescue and assistance. It targets to maintain mobile devices alive as long as possible for a maximum network coverage until reaching proximate rescuers. COPE leverage mobile devices that come with multiple network technologies and aims to perform a systematic network interface selection. We have implemented a proof-of-concept of COPE for android smart-phones using two network technologies: Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This work presents a benchmark analysis of performances of smartphones based on COPE. Testing experiments have been carried out to measure the performance of smartphones in terms of energy consumption, clock synchronization and transmission range. We believe that such experimental results can support technological choices for rescue operations but also for many other applications relying on smartphone performances

Internet of Bikes: A DTN Protocol with Data Aggregation for Urban Data Collection

International audienceIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are an essential part of the global world. They play a substantial role for facing many issues such as traffic jams, high accident rates, unhealthy lifestyles, air pollution, etc. Public bike sharing system is one part of ITS and can be used to collect data from mobiles devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient, " Internet of Bikes " , IoB-DTN routing protocol based on data aggregation which applies the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to Internet of Things (IoT) applications running data collection on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. We propose and evaluate three variants of IoB-DTN: IoB based on spatial aggregation (IoB-SA), IoB based on temporal aggregation (IoB-TA) and IoB based on spatiotemporal aggregation (IoB-STA). The simulation results show that the three variants offer the best performances regarding several metrics, comparing to IoB-DTN without aggregation and the low-power long-range technology, LoRa type. In an urban application, the choice of the type of which variant of IoB should be used depends on the sensed values

A Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of the multi-hop IoB-DTN routing protocol

International audienceFollowing the trend of the Internet of Thing, public transport systems are seen as an efficient bearer of mobile devices to generate and collect data in urban environments. Bicycle sharing system is one part of the city's larger transport system. In this article, we study the "Internet of Bikes" IoB-DTN protocol which applies the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications running on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. We evaluate the performances of the protocol with respect to the transmission power. Performances are measured in terms of delivery rate, delivery delay, throughput and energy cost. We also compare the multi-hop IoB-DTN protocol to a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology. LPWAN have been designed to provide cost-effective wide area connectivity for small throughput IoT applications: multiyear lifetime and multikilometer range for battery-operated mobile devices. This work aims at providing network designers and managers insights on the most relevant technology for their urban applications that could run on bike sharing systems. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to provide a detailed performance comparison between multi-hop and long range DTN-like protocol being applied to mobile network IoT devices running a data collection applications in an urban environment

CLOCIS:Cloud-based conformance testing framework for IoT devices in the future internet

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has not only become ubiquitous in daily life but has also emerged as a pivotal technology across various sectors, including smart factories and smart cities. Consequently, there is a pressing need to ensure the consistent and uninterrupted delivery of IoT services. Conformance testing has thus become an integral aspect of IoT technologies. However, traditional methods of IoT conformance testing fall short of addressing the evolving requirements put forth by both industry and academia. Historically, IoT testing has necessitated a visit to a testing laboratory, implying that both the testing systems and testers must be co-located. Furthermore, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive method for testing an array of IoT standards, especially given their inherent heterogeneity. With a surge in the development of diverse IoT standards, crafting an appropriate testing environment poses challenges. To address these concerns, this article introduces a method for remote IoT conformance testing, underpinned by a novel conceptual architecture termed CLOCIS. This architecture encompasses an extensible approach tailored for a myriad of IoT standards. Moreover, we elucidate the methods and procedures integral to testing IoT devices. CLOCIS, predicated on this conceptual framework, is actualized, and to attest to its viability, we undertake IoT conformance testing and present the results. When leveraging CLOCIS, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entities in the throes of IoT service development stand to benefit from a reduced time to market and cost-efficient testing procedures. Additionally, this innovation holds promise for IoT standardization communities, enabling them to champion their standards with renewed vigor

History of Construction Cultures Volume 2

Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world

Early medieval glosses to Boethius’s De Consolatione Philosophiae

Scholars have known of the existence of these glosses or scholia for over a century, and several have at various times set out to collect the material and make it available to others in accessible form, but all have failed or abandoned the task on discovering the scale of the challenge and the difficulty of organising the masses of material. As a result, many people refer to this material in general terms, and some cite comments from individual manuscripts, but no-one knows what is really there. The long-established notion that what the manuscripts contain are essentially lots of different copies of just two commentaries, one by Remigius of Auxerre and another by someone known only as 'The Anonymous of St Gall', is clearly wrong. We are probably looking at the contributions of many unknown commentators working in France, Germany, England, Cornwall and Switzerland, over the ninth to eleventh centuries. This edition builds a picture of this range of knowledge and understanding and interests at a time of rapid cultural change

History of Construction Cultures Volume 2

Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world