Perumpanatrupadai's Traditional Residence and Food Habits

The Perumpanatrupadai with the special name Panaru was sung by Kadiyalur Uruthirankannan to praise the Perumpanan who was about to receive the prize by Panan to appease the Thondaiman Ilanthirayan. Not only the news about the bravery and gift of Thondaiman Ilanthirayan, but also the lifestyle of the Panars, the lives and work of Einar, Kovalar, Uzhawar, Valaignar, Anthanar, etc., news about the construction of their residences, food preparation, hospitality, agriculture, barter, etc., have been recorded. This article is designed to analyse the news about housing and food

Marginalized People in the Novel ‘Tappaattam’ (The Wrong Play)

Novel literature is one of the literary genres that has a special place in Tamil literature. The novel was created to point out the quality of life of the people in society. Solai Sundara Perumal is one of the best creators in today's fictional world. In his novel Tappaattam, he documented the biographies of marginalized people who are oppressed in society. The people of Pariyar, Pallar, and Sakiliya are portrayed as enslaved by the ruling class due to their economic status and caste status. From time immemorial, the novel depicts the frustrations, struggles, and desires of the people who have sacrificed their lives as slave laborers for imperialism and are living their lives without fulfilling any desires. People who live under the laws of the ruling class are subjected to various hardships due to birth. Due to such caste differences, the life struggles of the marginalized people have caused them great stress

Ethnographic Aspects of Nanjil Nadu People in Jayanmohan’s Works

Ethnography sums up elements of a particular community and people, such as culture, customs, habitation, the geography of the area where they live, water, land, animals, plants, caste hierarchies, power systems, etc. Jayamohan is a well-known author in the Tamil and Malayalam literary worlds. He made the legends, old traditional stories, and myths of India re-read by the readers. He was born into a Malayali Nair family, and Malayalam became his mother tongue. He became well acquainted with the Tamil language because he studied and worked in Tamil Nadu. He started publishing works in both languages. It is only natural that the people of Nanjil Nadu, where he lived, found a place in his works. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the soil, water, forest, animals, plants, people, and their culture on the basis of the ethnography of Nanjil Nadu, which is included in the works of the creator, Jayamohan

Caldwell's Educational Service on ‘Karisal Mann’ (Black Soil)

The Gurukul system of education was only available in a few places in ancient India. Christian missionaries transformed this condition, establishing the current educational system and bringing education to all people, regardless of caste, creed, colour, or social rank. Robert Caldwell, in particular, made significant contribution in providing education to the poor in South India throughout the nineteenth century. In Idayangudi, Tirunelveli, he undertook various reformatory activities in the areas of gospel, Tamil language, society, medicine, and education. Robert Caldwell was born in Antrim, Ireland, in 1814. He went to Glasgow University to study. He was an expert in English, Tamil, and Religious Texts, as well as art. He was fluent in Tamil, English, Greek, Telugu, and Sanskrit, among other languages. In 1841, he went to Tirunelveli's Idayangudi in South India as a missionary under the London Missionary Society. He revitalised the  boy's school which was begun by Rev. Iranius. In 1842, Caldwell also founded the Girl's School. These schools taught subjects like Tamil, English, Geography, and History. He founded Anglo Vernacular Schools to teach English and Tamil letters to youngsters who did not know English. He established schools in places like Tharuvai, Ramanathapuram, Samugarengapuram, Kulasegaran Pattinam, Azhvar Thirunagari, Tuticorin, Arumangalam, Thenthiruperai, and Thatanpadam. Caldwell stayed in Idayangudi for more than 50 years, bringing about significant changes for the illiterate. Caldwell's legacy lives on in the hearts of the people and has fused with the Chernozem soil, as evidenced by educational institutions and researchers who have benefited from them

'Ur (Town)' in the classical theory of Thinai: Based on Aingurunooru

The land is the basis for the survival of life. Therefore, the ancient Tamil poets and the ancient Tamil grammarians gave more importance to the land in the functions of creation and grammar. It is worth noting here that in the three-subjects distinction between the ecological and moral symbolism of human life (the triad of the first, thematic, and the object), the land and time are the primary objects. The strategies adopted by classical Tamil poets to place internal and external emotions as poems are essentially very important and should be identified separately. In particular, the poets who have written the Agam songs have inculcated in their minds the idea of Thinai theory (land, time, natural resources, etc.). One of the classical books in Tamil is Aingurunooru. The poets who have composed the chapters in this book, which have been planned and recited in five categories, have also composed poems with the names of the towns. The poets have composed the poems with a good understanding of the Thinai. Poets have given a significant place to the land (the habitat) in the singing of nature. This character can be seen in Aingurunooru. We can also take this as a general theoretical concept for the Sangam Classical texts on the place name post, like Orupanai chothukku is oru choru padham (for the entire pot, it is enough to test the single grain for the desired level of cooking)

Biographical and Cultural Evolution of Paanar

Tamil literary tradition registers 'tinai' divisions which is "a language with in a language" comments A.K. Ramanujan as it provides infinite possibilities to create in a finite frame. Along with people in respective landscapes, there are a nomadic group of paanar who visited all five landscapes spreading the oral tradition. References about the paanar, their oral tradition and nomadic lifestyle are found in cankam literature. There are different kinds of paanar referred performers, singers, declaimers, kuttar, viraliyar, poribar and panar along with their female counterparts and characteristic instruments. Records correspond that they were nomadic and visited kings to sing their praise and receive gifts. Their female counterparts were called 'viraliyar'. The Bard community depended on Kings and patrons for their livelihood. They are also called as 'isai panar' or musical paanar. They are further classified into three 'isai panar', 'yazh panar' and 'mandai panar'. This classification is also considered as separate caste by some and separate sect by others. These three sects of paanar are the ancestors of paanar. This research paper intends to study whether this nomadic lifestyle, singing the praise of kings, depending on kings' gifts for livelihood gave the paanar contentment in life from anthropological perspective

History and Culture of the Papanasa Kaani People in Anthropological Perspective

The aim of the paper is to know the history, culture and tradition of the ancient kani people. The methodolgyis to collect the materials orally and taking personal interviews. the place is located in Tenkasi district, Ambasamudrum and pabanasam areas. In ancient days kani people used eat animals honey and Tuber and bulbs but now they eat rice and grains. They are living in huts. They are planting medicinal plants and one famous pharmacy is there. For centuries they have been giving medicine for jaundice. They are worshipping Goddess like petchiamman. They also built a church for Christian congregation.They prefer love marriages. divorce and remarriage are allowed and acceptable

Review on Socio-Cultural Dialectical Records of Malasar

In the state of Tamil Nadu, there are many tribes. In particular, Malasar tribal people are located in and around area's of Pollachi, Anaimalai, and Kinathukkadavu taluks of Coimbatore district.  Malasar people are categorized as Schedule Tribes. In recent studies, the Scholars and Researchers have examined the living conditions of the Malasar Tribes through Folklore, Anthropology, Sociology and Botany. At present, the Language of Malasars are undefined which may result in the destruction of their cultural aspects. Even after 75 years of India's independence, the Malasar tribes continue to struggle for livelihood in the absence of basic rights. Rights-based comprehensive studies and democratic debates with scientific data to ensure socio-economic development and cultural recovery of Malasar tribes should be enhanced at its level

Life Style and Moral Principles of Tribal People in Kumari District

Human beings all around the world are leading their life with certain rules and restrictions.  Many characteristics can be found among this group. They follow good moral principles in their life. The reasons for such living are obvious. Many legal principles and moral concepts were followed by them such as family life, productivity, worship, fasting and cleanliness. Systematic studies about the tribal people of Kumari district have been going on since the arrival of Europeans. Many studies have been conducted based on the life style of tribal people. The studies help us to know the reason why they are living as a tribal people in forest areas and reason behind it. The article explores the lifestyle and the moral principles of tribal people in Kanyakumari district

Anthropological Perspectives on the Life of the Five Land forms People

The life style of the ancient Tamils is well known by the five types of landforms (Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, Pallai). Numerous cultural elements are connoted with the five types of landforms. Though the world is widely spread it is divided into five types of landforms. These five types of landforms were found out during Sangam period of Tamilnadu. The life style and the mode of all the five landforms are completely different. In literary tradition, Kurinji is a land filled with mountains and hilly regions. In Tamilnadu human life life has been seen since the Stone Age and they record the lifestyle of the Great Age